DISTINGUISHING TEST BETWEEN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Methanol and Ethanol Ethanol gives iodoform test.where as methanol does not CH3CH2OH +NaOI NaOH,I2 CH3CHO+NaI+H2O CH3CHO+3NaOI-CHI3+HCOONa+2NaOH CH3OH+-NaOI---.>No reaction

Etanol and Phenol Ethanol gives iodofrm test,where as phenol dose not CH3CH2OH+NaOICHI3+HCOONa+NaOH C6H5OH+NaOINO reaction Phenol gives violet colour with FeCl3 3C6H5OH+FeCl3(C6H5O)3Fe+3HCl

1PROPANOL AND 2PROPANOL 2Propanol gives iodoform test but 1 propanol does not CH3 CH3-CH-OH+4i2+6NaOH--CHI3 +CH3COONa + 5NaI +5H2O

1-Butanol and 2-Butanol 2-Butanol contains CH3CHOH group and gives yellow ppt. with NaOH, I2 (Iodoform test) on the hand 1-Butanol d oes not give yellow ppt. with NaOH,I NaOH,I2 CH3CH CH2 CH3 ---------------- CHI3 OH NaOH,I2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH ----------- NO YELLOW ppt.

1Propanol and 2-methyl 2 –propanol 2-Methyl 2-propanol reacts with Lucas reagent . (Anhy.ZnCl2 + HCl ) giving turbidity Immediately CH3 CH3 ZnCl2,HCl CH3- C -OH ------------- CH3-C Cl CH3 CH3

1Propanol being primary alchol does not produce turbidity at room temperature CH3 CH2 CH2OH----------------- NO turbidity at room temperature ( Lucas reagent)

Ethanol and Benzyl alcohol These can be distinguished by Iodoform test Ethanol gives Iodoform test but Benzyl alcohol does not CH3CH2OH +NaOI---------------CH3CHO + H2O +NaI CH3CHO + 3 NaOI ------- CHI3 + HCOONA + 2 NaOH C6H5CH2OH +3NaOI ----No yellow ppt of CHI3

Methanol and phenol Litmus test Phenol being acidic turn blue litmus red while methanol being neutral Does not gives this test. FeCl3 test Phenols gives violet colouration with FeCl3 solution while methanol Does not. 3C6H5OH + FeCl3 ---------Fe(OC6H5)3 + 3HCl (violet complex) CH3OH + FeCl3 ----- no reaction

Formaldeyhyde and Acetyaldehyde Formaldehyde gives yellow ppt with an alkaline solution ofiodine CH3CHO +4NaOH +3I2 ------ CHI3 + HCOONa +3H2O +3Nai Formaldeyhyde does not give this test.

Acetaldehyde and Acetone Acetaldehyde gives silver mirror with Tollen;s reagent CH3CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2OH ----- CH3COONH4 + 2Ag +H2O +3NH3 Acetone does not give this test Acetaldehyde gives red ppt with Fehling solutions CH3CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 +2NaOH --------- CH3COONa +Cu2O +3H2O [Fehling solution] Red ppt.

Benzaldehyde and ACETALDEHYDE Acetaldehyde gives yellow ppt. with iodoform(NaOH,I2) While benzaldehyde does not Give this test. CH3CHO + 4NaOH + 3I2 ----CHI3 + HCOONa +3H2O +3NaI Benzal Dehyde does not give this test.

Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone Benzaldehyde forms silver with ammonical silver nitrate solution(Tollen;s reagent) Acetophenone does not C6H5CHO + 2[Ag (NH3)2OH -----C6H5COONH4 + 2Ag 3NH3 +H2O Acetophenone forms yellow ppt of iodoforrm with alkaline solution of iodine. Benzaldehyde does not. C6H5COCH3 +4NaOH + 3I2 --C6H5COONa + CHI3 + 3NaI

3Pentatone and 2Pentanone 2Pentatone forms yellow ppt with iodoform but 3Pentatone does not give iodoform test CH3COCH2CH2CH3 +3I2 +4NaOH --CH3CH2CH2C00Na +CHI3 +3H2O +3NaI 2Pentatone gives white ppt with sodium bisulphite while 3pentatone does not give. OH CH3COCH2CH2CH3 +NaHSO3 -CH3CH2CH2C –SO3Na CH3

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FORMIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID Formic acid give Tollen;s reagent test. HCOOH + 2 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + 2 OH- → 2 Ag + CO2 + 2H2O + 4 NH3 Acetic acid does not give this test

Acetic acid and Acetone Acetic acid reacts with NaHCO3 To give effervescence due to evoltion of CO2. CH3COOH + NaHCO3 --- CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 Acetone does not give effervescence with NaHCO3 Acetone will react with alkaline solution of iodine to give yellow ppt due to formation of iodoform. CH3COCH3 + NaOI ---CHI3 + CH3COONa .

Phenol and Benzoic acid Benzoic acid react with NaHCO3 to give effervescence due to evolution of CO2. C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 ---- C6H5COONa + H20 + CO2 . Phenol does not give this test . Phenol will give violet colour with .FeCl3 solution but Benzoic acid does not give this test. 3C6H5COOH + FeCl3 ----- (C6H5O)3Fe + 3HCl.

Phenol and Acetic acid . Acetic react with NaHCO3 to give effervescence due to evolution of CO2 CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ------ CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O Phenol does not give this test C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 ---- No reaction Phenol gives violet colour with FeCl3 but acetic acid gives buff coloured ppt. 3C6H5OH + FeCl3 --(C6H5O)3 + 3HCl 3CH3COOH + FeCl3 ---.. (CH3COO)3 Fe + 3HCl Buff ppt

Ethanol and Acetic acid Aceetic acid give effervescence with NaHCO3due to liberation of CO2 CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ----CH3COONa + H2O +CO2 Ethanol gives yellow ppt eith alkaline solution of I2 ,butacetic does not give this test. NaOH ,I2 CH3COOH ----------------------- CHI3 + HCOONa

Ethyl amine and Aniline Azo dye test Dissolve the compound in conc.HCl and add ice cold solution of HNO2 (NaNO2+dil HCl)) and then add phenol .

Ethyl amine does not give this test .