Unit 10 Transportation

10.1 Questions How many parties are involved in international trade transport? What is the difference between a tramp and a liner? What are the characteristics of liners shipping? State the functions of Ocean B/L.

Ocean transport Railway transport Air transport Container transport International multi-modal transport Postal transport Highway or inland waterway transport

10.1.1 The parties involved Shipper Consignee Carrier

10.1.2 Liner v.s. Tramp A liner is a vessel that sails according to regular sailing route, regular ports of call, regular sailing schedule and has fixed freight. A tramp is a freight-carrying vessel that follows no firm schedule, has no set routes or times.

10.2 Words and Expressions

On board bill of lading Mate’s receipt ante-dated B/L Advanced B/L Demurrange Dispatch money Cargo transport Liner Book shipping space Freight Surcharge Chartering Tramp Charter party Voyage charter Time charter Bare boat charter FI FO FIO FIOST Stowage and trimming charges Port of shipment Port of destination Shipping advice ETD ETA Means of conveyance Unless otherwise stipulated On board bill of lading Mate’s receipt ante-dated B/L Advanced B/L Shipping instruction

Freight Freight charges 运费 Freight agency 运货代理商 Freight forwarder 运输公司 Freight rate　运费率 Freight service　货运 Freight tariff　运费表

ship / shipment / shipping ship: 装运 put, take or send away on board ship, and can also be by airplane, truck or other vehicles shipment: (1)装船putting of goods, etc. on a ship (2)装载的货物consignment; goods shipped shipping: 装运,运输the act or business of sending or transporting goods

Shipment: Direct shipment　直达船装运 Express/immediate/prompt/punctual shipment　立即装运 Delay/extend shipment　延期装运 Partial shipment 分装 Transshipment　转运

Shipping: Shipping advice/notice　装船通知 Shipping agents　装运代理 Shipping company　船运公司 Shipping container　集装箱 Shipping order/permit　装货单 Shipping space　舱位 Shipping expense　装运费 Shipping process　装运手续 Shipping weight (s.w.)　起运重量 Shipping mark　唛头

season Busy season/ high/peak/rush season 旺季 Low season/dead/dull /slack season 淡季 Shopping season　销售季节 In season 上市－－out of season Come into season　上市

10.3　specimen letters Discussing terms of shipment or asking for amendment to terms of shipment Giving shipping instructions to the seller Urging an early, immediate or punctual shipment Sending shipping advice and/or shipping documents

10.3.1 asking for amendment to the terms of shipment Acknowledge the receipt of letter and/or L/C Request for amendment and state the reasons Wish a prompt reply

10.3.2 shipping instruction Acknowledge the receipt of letters Ask for shipment Ask for some other requirements, if any Wish a further cooperation and look forward to shipping advice

10.3.3 Urging an early, immediate or punctual shipment Refer to the goods for shipment Describe necessary details and explain reasons Urge shipment and express appreciation Show goodwill

10.3.4 Shipping advice Acknowledge the receipt of correspondence Notify the completeness of shipment Notify name of ship, date of departure and arrival, etc. Enclose shipping documents Wish a further cooperation and express assurance.

10.4 useful sentences We hope that by the time you receive this letter, you will have the goods ready for shipment. It is stipulated that shipment is to be made before the end of this month ; however , we shall appreciate it if you will arrange to ship the goods at an earlier date.

We wish to advise you that the goods under S/C 567 went forward on the steamer “Yunnan” on July 5. They are to be transshipped at Copenhagen and expected to reach your port in early September. We take this opportunity to inform you that we have shipped the above goods on board s .s . “Taishan”, which sails for your port tomorrow. Enclosed please find one set of shipping documents covering this consignment.

10.5 exercises Write a letter to your customer informing him that you have shipped the goods he ordered on board s.s. “Long March” which sail for his port tomorrow.

Dear Sirs, We are very pleased to inform you that we have shipped your Order No.100 covering 1000 sets of Midea Brand Microwave Oven on board s.s. Long March, which is due to sail for your port tomorrow. We hope the above shipment will reach you in good time and in perfect condition. Yours faithfully,

Keys to Ex. V 1. As there is no direct steamer available from Fuzhou to your port, it is, therefore necessary to transship the goods at Rotterdam and as such we would request your customer to amend L/C No.PG314 as allowing transshipment. 2. After the equipment has been loaded we shall immediately inform you of the vessel's name, sailing date, the port of destination, the description and quantity of the goods, the number of the B/L and the contract number. 3. We now ask you to do your utmost to dispatch the first 500 sets under this order by air as the goods are urgently required by our customers. 4. In reply to your letter of yesterday, we have got all the shipping documents ready and submitted to our negotiating bank, Bank of China, for collection.

5. On FOB trade terms, there is no need for the seller to arrange either shipment or insurance, unless otherwise instructed. 6. Included in the shipping documents mainly are those such as bill of lading, commercial invoice, etc. which entitle the right to the goods. 7. For further shipping instructions, please contact our forwarding agents, Kelly Bro. Co. Inc. Sydney, who have hitherto taken care of shipments from you. 8. We wish to inform you that although we are in a position to supply you with the goods against the above mentioned order from stock, we are advised by the shipping company that because direct vessels, either liner or tramp, sailing for your port are few and far between, the shipping space has been fully booked up to the end of November. We, therefore, are not able to advance the shipment.