How animals obtain nutrition

 Mouth – takes in food  Esophagus – transports food from mouth to stomach(s)  Stomach  Crop – stores food  Gizzard – grinds food  Intestine – absorbs nutrients  Rectum/anus – expels waste

 Ingest soil, remove nutrients

 Eat other fish (and their eggs), insect larva, worms, shrimp, plankton, algae…

 Eat snails, insects, worms

 Eat small invertebrates, mammals, amphibians, other reptiles, and plants

 Eat seeds, nectar, fruit, insects, worms, fish

 Herbivores  Carnivores  Omnivores

How animals make offspring

 Asexual – a genetically identical copy is made from one parent; NO VARIATION!

 Sexual – fusion of gametes (ex. sperm and egg); combination of genetic material from two parents  Children are similar to but different from each other and parents  VARIATION!!!

 Hermaphrodites  Can fertilize each other

 Male and female  Internal fertilization  2 kinds of life cycles  Incomplete metamorphosis (gradual growth) ▪ Egg-nymph-adult  Complete metamorphosis (juvenile goes into dormant stage, then changes to adult) ▪ Egg-larva-pupa-adult

 Females lay unfertilized eggs (“spawning”)  Males deposit sperm on top of eggs  “external fertilization”

 Male sits on top of female until she lays unfertilized eggs (“amplexus”)  External fertilization  Many different mating calls

 Internal fertilization (male puts sperm inside female’s body)  Hard-shelled (“amniotic”) egg is laid  External development – babies develop outside female’s body

 Internal fertilization, external development  Many different courtship dances  High level of parental care

 Internal fertilization, internal development (most)  3 kinds of mammals:  Placental ▪ Develops fully in womb, nourished by placenta  Marsupial ▪ Partially develops in womb, then in pouch  Monotremes ▪ Lay eggs survivor/clip3/