C. Proteins 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage b. structure c. metabolic - enzymes d. transport e. immunity 1** - Higher Levels of Structure.

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C. Proteins 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage b. structure c. metabolic - enzymes d. transport e. immunity 1** - Higher Levels of Structure

LE 5-20a Amino acid subunits Carboxyl end Amino end Primary Structure: the AA sequence

LE 5-20b Amino acid subunits  pleated sheet  helix Secondary Structure: Helices and Sheets

LE 5-20c Abdominal glands of the spider secrete silk fibers that form the web. The radiating strands, made of dry silk fibers, maintain the shape of the web. Spider silk: a structural protein Containing  pleated sheets The spiral strands (capture strands) are elastic, stretching in response to wind, rain, and the touch of insects.

LE 5-20d Hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals interactions Polypeptide backbone Disulfide bridge Ionic bond Hydrogen bond Tertiary Structure: Folded / "Globular"

LE 5-20e  Chains  Chains Hemoglobin Iron Heme Collagen Polypeptide chain Polypeptide chain Quaternary Structure: > 1 protein bond together

Atoms and Bonds I. Atoms II. Bonds III. Biologically Important Molecules A. Water B. Carbohydrates C. Proteins D. Lipids

1. Structure monomer = fatty acid Mammal, bird, reptile fats - saturated - solid at room temp Plants, fish - often unsaturated - liquid at room temp. Unsaturated fats can be 'hydrogenated' (peanut butter)

D. Lipids 1. Structure monomer = fatty acid

D. Lipids 1. Structure transfats associated with atherosclerosis

LE 5-11a Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a fat Glycerol Fatty acid (palmitic acid) D. Lipids 1. Structure - glycerol... and binding

D. Lipids 1. Structure polymer = fat (triglyceride)

D. Lipids 1. Structure polymer = fat (triglyceride) phospholipid

D. Lipids 1. Structure 2. Function

D. Lipids 1. Structure 2. Function a. energy storage - long term - densely packed bonds

D. Lipids 1. Structure 2. Function a. energy storage - long term - densely packed bonds b. Cell membranes

D. Lipids 1. Structure 2. Function a. energy storage - long term - densely packed bonds b. Cell membranes c. insulation

D. Lipids 1. Structure 2. Function a. energy storage - long term - densely packed bonds b. Cell membranes c. insulation d. homones and cholesterol derivatives

Atoms and Bonds I. Atoms II. Bonds III. Biologically Important Molecules A. Water B. Carbohydrates C. Proteins D. Lipids E. Nucleic Acids (later)

CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular)

CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular) It is metabolized - energy and products are harvested. (metabolism)

CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular) It is metabolized - energy and products are harvested. (metabolism) The energy (and some products of digestion) are used to:

CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular) It is metabolized - energy and products are harvested. (metabolism) The energy (and some products of digestion) are used to: 1) build proteins (growth) which allow response.

CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular) It is metabolized - energy and products are harvested. (metabolism) The energy (and some products of digestion) are used to: 1) build proteins (growth) which allow response. 2) replicate DNA and divide (cell division and reproduction)

CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular) It is metabolized - energy and products are harvested. (metabolism) The energy (and some products of digestion) are used to: 1) build proteins (growth) which allow response. 2) replicate DNA and divide (cell division and reproduction) Which produces patterns of genetic relatedness among cells and organisms (evolutionary history)

CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: A. Membranes - how stuff get in/out of cells 1. Structure

LE 7-2 Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail WATER CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: A. Membranes - how stuff get in/out of cells 1. Structure - phospholipids

LE 7-5 Lateral movement (~10 7 times per second) Flip-flop (~ once per month) Viscous Movement of phospholipids Fluid Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails with kinks Membrane fluidity Saturated hydrocarbon tails Cholesterol Cholesterol within the animal cell membrane

LE 7-7 Fibers of extracellular matrix (ECM) Glycoprotein Carbohydrates Microfilaments of cytoskeleton Cholesterol proteins CYTOPLASMIC SIDE OF MEMBRANE EXTRACELLULAR SIDE OF MEMBRANE Glycolipid

CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: A. Membranes - how stuff get in/out of cells 1. Structure 2. Functions

LE 7-9a Enzymes Signal Receptor ATP Transport Enzymatic activity Signal transduction

LE 7-9b Glyco- protein Cell-cell recognition Intercellular joining Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM)

CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: A. Membranes - how stuff get in/out of cells 1. Structure 2. Functions Types of "transport"

LE 7-11a Molecules of dyeMembrane (cross section) WATER Net diffusion Equilibrium Diffusion of one solute Types of "transport" - DIFFUSION

LE 7-11b Net diffusion Equilibrium Diffusion of two solutes Net diffusion Equilibrium Types of "transport" - DIFFUSION

LE 7-12 Lower concentration of solute (sugar) Higher concentration of sugar Same concentration of sugar Selectively permeable membrane: sugar molecules cannot pass through pores, but water molecules can H2OH2O Osmosis - OSMOSIS: diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from HI to LO water potential Water Potential: as solute conc. increases as pressure increases