NEW KINGDOM EGYPT (AKA THE EGYPTIAN EMPIRE) By: Katelyn Stearman, Ella Beilman, Cheyenne Norris, & Julian Sauer

LOCATION TIME-FRAME 1532 BCE – 1070 BCE

SOCIETY Before the New Kingdom Egypt came about, it started with the Hyksos. They took power over this region, until Kamose and Ahmose (princes from Thebes) expelled the Hyksos from Egypt and inaugurated the New Kingdom. They lasted from 1532 to 1070 B.C.E. The New Kingdom was an aggressive and expansive state. They had a women ruler for a while, but it is expected that that was not accepted greatly since most things her face or name were on were defaced. There were many building jobs incorporated into the New Kingdom.

POLITICS The first leaders were Kamose and Ahmose. They took over after expelling the Hyksos who had taken power for a time. They had typical rulers until a women took over after her husband died. Her name was Hatshepsut. Some were not happy about her ruling. Then they also had Akhenaten who made himself like a God. He tried to get everyone to start believing in God called Aten. Eventualy he died and everyone went back to Amon, their past God. Then Ramessides took over. They were good monarchs that started building projects all over Egypt.

RELIGION Akhenaten Tried to spread belief in one god, Aten Aten Sun Disk God “Better” than Amon Only the royal family worshiped Aten, the rest of Egypt still worshiped a divine ruler This switch was probably less a desire to switch to monotheism and more a political maneuver to gain power from the priests Worship of Aten was terminated when Tutankhamun took the throne (you might know him as King Tut) Aten is my Home god! AtenAmon

INTELLECTUAL ENDEAVORS Active participation in diplomatic and commercial networks Change from isolationism First Female pharaoh (Hatshepsut) used trade to conquer Let’s go to Punt!

TECHNOLOGY An improved potter’s wheel Weaver’s loom New musical instruments

ECONOMICS  A period of economic decline  It was an aggressive and expansionist state, extending its territorial control north into Syria-Palestine and south into Nubia and winning access to timber, gold, and copper  Queen Hatshepsut ruled as a pharaoh and extended trade  Participated in the diplomatic and commercial networks that linked the states of western Asia and brought riches through trade expositions  Exposed to exotic fruits and vegetables, new musical instruments, and new technologies  Direct trade between Punt and Egypt  Returned with myrrh, ebony, rare woods, ivory, cosmetics, live monkeys, panther skins, etc.

IMPORTANT PEOPLE Kamose and Ahmose: expelled the Hyksos from Egypt and established the New Kingdom Hatshepsut: She served as Pharaoh after Tuthmosis II died  Sent a naval expedition to the land of Punt (possibly near cost of Sudan or Egypt) to find myrrh  She wanted to establish direct trade between Egypt and Punt Akhenaten: he was originally called Amenhotep IV  Akhenaten – he changed is name to this, which means “beneficial to the Aten.”  He wanted to spread belief in Aten as the supreme deity  Some believe him to the inventor of monotheism – he may have only been trying to renew belief the pharaoh’s divinity Tutankhamun (aka King Tut): was young when he ruled; an insignificant ruler  Only well known because he had one of the only royal tomb discovered that had not been raided

TERMS Chariots Using horses, the Egyptians could more effectively conquer other peoples Aten Attempt at monotheism, god of Akhenaten. His worship was short lived. Nubia Contained objects of Egyptian desire. Gold, copper, precious stones. Power volleyed back and forth between Egypt and them for a while, until Egypt took complete control. Empire This is the point in history where Egypt realized that isolationism wasn’t working for it, so it tried to conquer everything, thus the name Egyptian Empire. Amarna Capital of Egypt during Akhenaten’s rule, located between Memphis and Thebes. Myrrh A precious spice the Egyptians used to worship their gods. Hatshepsut directed a mission to Punt in search of it. Egyptian Terms

BIG PICTURE  The Ancient Egyptians rejected Akhenaton’s idea of one supreme God, but then that idea later became widespread. Today, many people believe in religions based on one single God.  Because their empire spread through trade it helped keep the Egyptian culture in place today.  The invention of the chariot revolutionized warfare.  Hatshepsut was the first female pharaoh which makes her one of the few influential women in ancient history.