Chapter 29

 Why did the educated elites of India want independence? What were ordinary Indians hoping for?  What changes did foreign rule bring to Africa, and how did Africans respond?  What could Latin Americans do to achieve social justice and economic development? Were these two goals compatible?

 The Land and the People  British Rule and Indian Nationalism  Mahatma Gandhi and Militant Nonviolence  India Moves Toward Independence  Partition and Independence

 Colonial Africa: Economic and Social Changes  Religious and Political Changes

 Background to Revolution: Mexico in 1910  Revolution and Civil War in Mexico  The Transformation of Argentina  Brazil and Argentina, to 1929  The Depression and the Vargas Regime in Brazil  Argentina After 1930

 Politics and Economics under Imperialism ◦ The peoples of sub-Saharan Africa and India remained under colonial rule after the war. Elites in these regions worked toward independence while ordinary people wanted social justice. ◦ Though politically independent, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil were economically tied to industrializing nations. Argentina and Brazil moved toward economic independence but fell victim to social unrest, militarism, and dictatorship in the process.  The Problems of Independence ◦ Though India finally gained independence from colonial rule, the country was torn apart by ethnic conflict. ◦ The desire for independence did not always unite people against colonial rulers because of the social, ethnic, and religious divisions within their populations.