THE UNITED STATES HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Combining Business, Health, and Delivery CHAPTER Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle International Health Care 14

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle Objectives Describe the health care systems of 3 other countries. Compare the U.S. system to other types of health care systems. Assess health outcomes of health care systems in other countries using health indicators. Plan a trip to a foreign country for a health care need.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle Health Care Delivery Systems Single Payer System: The most common system for delivering health care around the globe. –It is the financing of the costs of delivering universal health care for an entire population through a single insurance pool out of which costs are paid –All the health care costs are billed to and paid by a single agency within the country, state, or province

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle Health Care Delivery Systems (cont.) The Single Payer System is used in all the Scandinavian countries, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, The United Kingdom, Taiwan, Cuba, and a variation of it in France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and other countries with universal health care as a societal benefit.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle Health Care Delivery Systems (cont.) Market Economy Model: The United States and a handful of developing countries use this system to deliver health care. –The price and distribution of goods (health care) is determined by supply and demand –The market model of health care delivery treats health care like any other product or service

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle Mexico Public institutions, state and federal governments, private providers, and private hospitals and clinics provide health care. Three part system (private, public, and universal) with different levels of care, provider payment, and delivery options depending on the employment status and income of the citizen.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle Mexico (cont.) Private system covers 3% of the population and caters to the wealthy. Public system covers wage earners, state employees, and the military. Universal health is credited with an increase in positive health care outcomes and reducing catastrophic health cost.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle Mexico (cont.) Mexico spends about $800 or 6% of Gross Domestic Production per capita in health care expenditures compared to $8,000 in the U.S. Life expectancy in Mexico is 76 years; compared to 79 years in the U.S.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle Canada Vast majority of health care is provided through the single payer model. All physician, hospital, pharmaceutical, and clinic fees are set and paid for by the government. Other health care expenses such as dentistry and optometry are private sector operations.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle Canada (cont.) The majority of health care in Canada (75%) is funded publicly and delivered privately. In 2005, Canada spent 9.8% of GDP on health care. –U.S. $3,463 per capita 70% was government expenditure.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle India India has a population of over 1 billion people. Only 7 physicians per 10,000 people. India has no central health care system. Health care is through a system of primary care centers, traditional medicine practitioners, and hospitals.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle India (cont.) The system is divided between the modern Western style health care, the traditional systems, and homeopathy. Traditional systems include Ayureveda, Unani, Siddha, Yoga, naturopathy, and homeopathy.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The United States Health Care System: Combining Business, Health, and Delivery, Second Edition Anne Austin Victoria Wetle India (cont.) There are 3204 traditional hospitals and 725,000 practitioners. The Ayurevedic system is built on the balance in the body of three humors: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha.