JULIUS CAESAR OCTAVIAN AUGUSTUS Do Now: In your binder, make a definition for the following people:
Rome Becomes an Empire Caesar was murdered & Octavian took control Senate named him “Augustus” Marked the end of Republic – now Roman Empire Expanded the empire To control hostile neighbors To control resources – things that were not available in Italy (gold, farmland, metals, cloths, spices) Increase trade
Religion & Roman Expansion Religious tolerance in conquered lands Allowed people to keep religions Adopted many customs & beliefs into own religion Greeks Didn’t want to offend any gods Polytheism Happy people = obedient people Intolerant of religions that were too different Tried to wipe out the religion Judaism & Christianity
Clashes with the Jews Monotheistic Jews believed in one god refused to recognize Roman gods as gods Uprisings Rome had conquered Judea in 63 BCE Protests against Roman rule 100s CE – Emperor Hadrian banned some rituals & destroyed Jerusalem & Holy Temple
Clashes with the Jews, cont. Religious persecution “hostility & ill-treatment, especially because of race or political or religious beliefs” Hadrian imposed heavy taxes, destroyed Jerusalem (rebuilt, brought in new settlers, & forbade them from entering more than once per year) What do you think were Hadrian’s motives? Problems with Romans led to new religion Jews believed a new leader would come from God – Messiah Jesus of Nazareth spread teachings that became Christianity in the 1 st century CE
Christianity in the Roman Empire Teachings of Christianity were spread through the empire Love God Love other people Generosity to poor & sick Love enemies Salvation for sins Close, personal relationship with God Attracted many people Women Poor Why??
Work on Documents 1-4 with your partner Who is Cicero? What is his profession? Who do you think were Cicero’s audience for this statement? What were his motives for making this statement?