World War II, Part 2: The Holocaust Goal 10

Essential Idea #1 Nazis stripped Jews of their rights and ultimately tried to exterminate them.

Hatred The Event: The Holocaust Who Nazi Targeted: Disabled, Gypsies, homosexuals, and slavic people Who Nazis especially hated: Jews

Nuremberg Laws Nuremberg Laws: Laws that discriminated against Jews and stripped them of citizenship

A Jew Resists November 7, 1938: A Jew killed a German diplomat as an act of revenge against discrimination

Hitler Responds Reaction Hitler was furious Hitler ordered his minister of propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, to stage a riot

Kristallnacht Kristallnacht: Means “night of broken glass” Nazi storm troopers destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jewish families

90 Jews died, and 7,500 businesses and 180 synagogues were destroyed

Jews Trying to Leave Jew Try to Escape: Over 350,000 Jews left Germany, including Albert Einstein Many tried to come to the United States

Where did the most Jews go? Did all the Jews that wanted refuge get it?

Jews Turned Away Denied: As World War II approached, many Jews were turned away Why? They were poor (Germans took their money before they left) Some Americans felt the Jews would take jobs Anti-Semitism

The World at Fault? Fate of Those Denied: Returned to Germany, where many died in the Holocaust Germany was not the only country at fault Was the United States at fault too?

Steps to the “ Final Solution ” The three steps the Nazis used to kill the Jews were ____________________, _____________________, and _______________________. Step 1: Emigration Jews tried to move to other countries Why it did not satisfy the Nazis: Many countries sent the Jews back

Ghettos Step 2: Segregation Ghettos: Jews were herded into isolated communities (dirty, crowded, diseased)

The Ghettos They were then murdered and placed in mass graves (by mobile killing squads)

The Final Solution Step 3: Extermination Jews were transported to detention centers known as concentration camps Concentration camps: In the camps, Jews worked as slaves

The Concentration Camps Jews died of starvation, exhaustion, and disease Many Jews were executed in gas chambers

Over 6 million Jews were killed Map of the Holocaust Map of the Holocaust

World War II, Part 3: America Enters the War Goal 10

Essential Idea #2 America finally entered WWII following Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor.

Isolationists vs. FDR Who: Most Americans Stance: isolationist – stay OUT of World War 2 Action: Supported the Neutrality Act Who: FDR Stance: America should get involved Action: Quarantine Speech – countries should keep the Axis Powers contained

Getting Around the Neutrality Act FDR’s strategy: Find ways to fight the Axis Powers while technically staying neutral

Destroyers for Bases Deal Strategy #1: Destroyers for Bases Deal What it was: United States gave old destroyers to Britain Britain let the United States build military bases in Britain How it was legal under the Neutrality Act: America was trading war materials, not selling them

Lend-Lease Act Strategy #2: Lend Lease Act What it was: The United States rented war supplies to Britain FDR said it was a matter of national security How it was legal under the Neutrality Act: America was leasing war materials, not selling them

FDR ’ s “ Four Freedoms ” Speech The Speech: FDR’s Four Freedoms Speech Freedom #1: Freedom of speech Freedom #2: Freedom of worship Freedom #3: Freedom from want Freedom #4: Freedom from fear

Leading up to Pearl Harbor Cause of Tension #1: FDR decided to use trade to slow Japan’s aggression FDR authorized an embargo on Japan, cutting off oil and war supplies (Japan was so mad that they formally joined the Axis Powers)

To where has Germany and Italy expanded? Japan?

Help the Communists? Cause of Tension #2: In 1941, Hitler broke the Non-Aggression Pact and attacked the Soviet Union Hitler Invades the USSR (big mistake!) Hitler Invades the USSR FDR extended Lend- Lease to the Soviet Union FDR also extended Lend- Lease to China, Japan’s enemy

Pearl Harbor Attacked December 7, 1941: Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, a naval base in Hawaii The attack destroyed 8 battleships, 188 airplanes, killed 2,403, and injured 1,178

Images of Pearl Harbor

America at War On December 8 th, FDR made a speech that called the attack a “date which will live in infamy” The United States declared war on Japan, and two days later Germany and Italy declared war on the United States