BEGINNING OF ANIMATION 50 years ago Walt Disney created animated objects such as Mickey Mouse. Today the process used to create animated objects has had to change. In fact, it continues to change.

WHAT IS ANIMATION? In Latin ‘ANIMA’ means soul. The word “animation” is a form of “animate,” which means to bring to life. Thus when a multimedia developer wants to bring an image to life, animation is used. For example, A spinning globe.

PRINCIPLE OF ANIMATION Animation is possible because of a biological phenomenon known as persistence of vision. And the psychological phenomenon called phi. An object seen by the human eye remains chemically mapped on the eye’s retina for a brief time after viewing.

Combined with the human mind’s need to conceptually complete a perceived action. This makes it possible for a series of images that are changed very slightly and very rapidly, one after the other, seem like continuous motion.

ANIMATION TECHNIQUES 1. CELL ANIMATION 2. COMPUTER ANIMATION

CEL ANIMATION Made famous by Disney 24 frames per second therefore a minute may require as many as 1,440 separate frames. Cel animation: is based on changes that occur from one frame to the next.

Cel stands for celluloid which is a clear sheet with images drawn on them. The celluloid images are place on a background that is usually stationary. The background remain fixed as the images changes.

COMPUTER ANIMATION Typically employees the same logic and procedural concepts as cel animation. You can usually set your own frame rate. At 15 frames a second the animation may appear jerky and slow. 2-D animation can be an acceptable alternative to the expense of creating video.

TYPES OF ANIMATION  2D ANIMATION  3D ANIMATION  4D ANIMATION  5D ANIMATION  6D ANIMATION

WHAT IS 2D ANIMATION?  The creation of moving pictures in a two- dimensional environment. such as through "traditional" cel animation or in computerized animation software.

2D ANIMATION

WHAT IS 3D ANIMATION?  3D Animation is the Process of giving the illusion of movement to drawings, models, or inanimate objects.  These animations are made using a variety of techniques such as modeling in clay and puppets.

 In the broadest definition of the term, "3D" would describe any object that occurs on a three-axis Cartesian coordinate system. i.e X, Y and Z axis.three-axis

3 D IMAGE

WHAT IS 4D ANIMATION?  Building on the popular 3D animation, 4D has added a time and space concept to it's dimensions. Animators are now capable to move an object around its own mirror image.

 When visually looking at a 4D object, there is added depth in shadows and how we perceive light on the object. When light hits a 4D object, the shadow that is cast is one that is 3D making the object appear to have more sides. Another example is in the case of a 4D cube.

4 D CUBE

WHAT IS 5D ANIMATION?

1. The most advanced movie technology.3D, 4D were out. You can see, hear, smell, touch and feel snow, wind, bubble, water, flower smell, and so on special feeling in the movie. just like in the real movie world. New characters comparing to past movie :

2. Flexible operation. Small cinema: 8 seats, about 15 m³. Big cinema: 200, 500 seats. Truck cinema: whole cinema is on truck, mobile.

5-D film equipment is high- tech products, it is completely different from common film, it allows you becoming the protagonist (ie. Hero or Character) of the movie. Specialty of 5D:

 enjoying immersive feeli ng, directly going into the movie scene through the sense of touc h, sight, taste, hearing an d movement, feeling ever ything in the movie.

ANIMATION FUNCTIONS  KEYFRAMING  TWEENING  KINEMATICS  INVERSE KINEMATICS  MORPHING

WHAT IS KEYFRAMING?  A keyframe in animation and filmmaking is a drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition.animationfilmmakingsmooth transition START KEYFRAME END KEYFRAME COMPLETED ANIMATION

START KEYFRAME END KEYFRAME COMPLETED ANIMATION

WHAT IS TWEENING?  Tweening is an action that requires calculating the number of frames between key frames and the path the action takes.  Then sketches of a series of progressively different outlines are drawn with pencil.

Continue….  Short for in-betweening, the process of generating intermediate framesbetween two images to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image.frames

WHAT IS KINEMATICS?  Kinematics is the study of the movement and motion of structure that have joints, such as a walking man.  For kinematics, we need to calculate the position, rotation, velocity, and acceleration of all joints and articulated parts involved such as knees bend, shoulders swing etc.

KINEMATICS

WHAT IS INVERSE KINEMATICS?  Inverse Kinematics is just reverse of kinematics.  Given the end point of the structure, what angles do the joints need to be in the achieve that end point.

Continue…..  This process can be extremely useful in robotics. You may have a robotic arm which needs to grab an object. If the software knows where the object is in relation to the shoulder, it simply needs the calculate the angles of the joints to reach it.

WHAT IS MORPHING?  Morphing is a special effect in motion pictures and animations that changes (or morphs) one image into another through a seamless transition. special effectmotion picturesanimationsimage  Though the 1986 movie The Golden Child implemented very crude morphing effects from animal to human and back,The Golden Child

Continue…..  the first movie to employ detailed morphing was Willow, in A similar process was used a year later in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade to create Walter Donovan's gruesome demise.WillowIndiana Jones and the Last Crusade  Computer-animated morphing was used in the 1974 Canadian animation Hunger.Hunger

MORPHING…..

ANIMATION FILE FORMATS SOFTWARE FILE FORMAT Director.dir &.dcr Animator Pro.fli Studio Max.max SuperCard and Director.pics Windows Audio Video Interleaved.avi Macintosh.qt &.mov Motion Video.mpeg CompuServe.gif Flash.swf Shockwave.dcr 

REFRENCES  Shuman, James (2001), Multimedia Concepts, Course Technology, Boston, Mass.  Vaugh, Tay (2001), Multimedia Making It Work, McGraw-Hill, New York,  Tannenbaum, Robert, S. (1998), Theoretical Foundations of Multimedia, New York, Computer Science Press 

THE END SONIA SAPRA