Russian Revolution Russia is stuck in the middle ages up until the 19th century. Russia is stuck in the middle ages up until the 19th century. Social classes dominate Social classes dominate –Czar –Nobility –Clergy –Peasants 1881Czar Alexander III, strengthen “autocracy, orthodoxy and nationality”. Total control of the government, commitment to the Russian Orthodox Church and love of the country/ everything Russian. Discrimination, violence against Jews. Discrimination, violence against Jews. 1894Nicholas II, same beliefs as his father. Hard to ignore the growing problems. Industrialization is spreading to Russia, build up of industry in the 1890’s, Trans-Siberian railroad built across Russia. Industrialization is spreading to Russia, build up of industry in the 1890’s, Trans-Siberian railroad built across Russia. Poor working conditions frustration of the poor Poor working conditions frustration of the poor Revolutionary movements start in Russia Revolutionary movements start in Russia

Events that bring on the Revolution Russo- Japanese war- Russia lost battles to Japan over colonies in Manchuria and Korea Russo- Japanese war- Russia lost battles to Japan over colonies in Manchuria and Korea Bloody Sunday, Revolution ,000 workers march on the winter palace in St. Petersburg, for better working conditions and more freedom, they elected a legislature, fired on by palace guards unarmed people die. Bloody Sunday, Revolution ,000 workers march on the winter palace in St. Petersburg, for better working conditions and more freedom, they elected a legislature, fired on by palace guards unarmed people die. World War I- unprepared and poorly equipped, 1.9 million Russians die, many wounded. Defeat/ pushed far into Russia. Corruption in court, Rasputin, a holy man con-artist, friend of czarina. Little food, clothing and fuel, many soldiers deserted. World War I- unprepared and poorly equipped, 1.9 million Russians die, many wounded. Defeat/ pushed far into Russia. Corruption in court, Rasputin, a holy man con-artist, friend of czarina. Little food, clothing and fuel, many soldiers deserted.

March Women in textile mills go on strike, bread/fuel shortages, riots broke out. 200,000 marched on the palace. Soldiers told to fire on the crowds, they shot their officers instead. The Czar gave up his throne (abdicated) and a socialist government takes over, govt continues the war, conditions get worse Women in textile mills go on strike, bread/fuel shortages, riots broke out. 200,000 marched on the palace. Soldiers told to fire on the crowds, they shot their officers instead. The Czar gave up his throne (abdicated) and a socialist government takes over, govt continues the war, conditions get worse November 1917 Lenin was snuck back into Russia by Germany (wants Russia to leave the war). Lenin leads 2nd revolution (Bolsheviks) storm govt offices in Nov, arrest head of govt, took power. Lenin was snuck back into Russia by Germany (wants Russia to leave the war). Lenin leads 2nd revolution (Bolsheviks) storm govt offices in Nov, arrest head of govt, took power. Within days Lenin redistributed all the farmland, gave the factories to the workers and signed a treaty to get out of the war. (Treaty of Brest- Litovsk) Within days Lenin redistributed all the farmland, gave the factories to the workers and signed a treaty to get out of the war. (Treaty of Brest- Litovsk) 1st & 2nd Revolutions

Civil War breaks out 2 years fighting between the Red army (communist) and the white army (anti- communist). The Red army won. 14 million die and many new problems. The Czar and his family were murdered, (the Romanov family ruled for three centuries). 2 years fighting between the Red army (communist) and the white army (anti- communist). The Red army won. 14 million die and many new problems. The Czar and his family were murdered, (the Romanov family ruled for three centuries). Lenin attempts to improve Russia- economic/ political reforms Lenin attempts to improve Russia- economic/ political reforms –Self governing republics –Redistribution of wealth, better working conditions –Life in Russia began to improve –The communist party began its dictatorship People still had some personal freedom, some small business, private property People still had some personal freedom, some small business, private property 1920’s USSR recovers, Lenin dies 1920’s USSR recovers, Lenin dies

Totalitarianism - total control of a people’s public and private lives Other similar governments- Hitler- Germany, Mussolini- Italy, Mao- China, North Korea. Other similar governments- Hitler- Germany, Mussolini- Italy, Mao- China, North Korea. Stalin’s Iron Hand- After Lenin dies… Fight for power between Trotsky and Stalin. Stalin’s followers move into positions of power until Stalin controls the entire communist party. (Stalin not trusted by Lenin) Stalin takes complete control of the economy: command Economy- State controls all production of products. –Government increased industrialization (catch up)- 5 year plan, quota –collective farms- hundreds of families on each, millions killed in protest –shortages of food, housing, clothes, etc… Workers were assigned jobs, hours, housing. No personal choice!!!! The secret police, everyone works/ participates, loyal to communism or they killed you- quotas for criminals. Used fear and violence to get obedience, work camps in Siberia. Informants everywhere, listening to your phone calls, read your mail. The secret police, everyone works/ participates, loyal to communism or they killed you- quotas for criminals. Used fear and violence to get obedience, work camps in Siberia. Informants everywhere, listening to your phone calls, read your mail.

Total Control Iron Curtain- nothing goes in/ out of Communist countries, people, goods, news, etc Iron Curtain- nothing goes in/ out of Communist countries, people, goods, news, etc The Great Purge Stalin executed thousands from the Communist party that he suspected of challenging his power. The Great Purge Stalin executed thousands from the Communist party that he suspected of challenging his power. Indoctrinations, Propaganda, Censorship Stalin used speeches, childhood activities, posters, newspapers, radio broadcasts to convince people that Communism was the best. The information was often biased or untrue. Govt controlled all forms of entertainment, individual talent was held down because it did not follow conformity and equality. Nothing in opposition of Communism was allowed. Stalin used speeches, childhood activities, posters, newspapers, radio broadcasts to convince people that Communism was the best. The information was often biased or untrue. Govt controlled all forms of entertainment, individual talent was held down because it did not follow conformity and equality. Nothing in opposition of Communism was allowed.Religion Only worship of the state was allowed, all churches were closed and outlawed. Only worship of the state was allowed, all churches were closed and outlawed.Positives People better education (go to school to avoid hard labor), improved living conditions, industrialized, more technology, equality, no unemployment, skilled workforce, women- participation in politics, doctors, scientists People better education (go to school to avoid hard labor), improved living conditions, industrialized, more technology, equality, no unemployment, skilled workforce, women- participation in politics, doctors, scientists Describe what life would be like in Russia under Stalin.