Seminar Unit 4: The Skeletal System Tracy Abram, BS, MAIS.

The Structure and Function of Skeletal Bones Support –Provides solid framework/foundation ProtectionProtection –Example: Ribs protect the heart & lungs Movement –Muscles are anchored to the bones Storage –Stores Calcium. If your blood calcium level is low your body gets more from your bones Hematopoisis –The bone marrow is where your blood cells are made: monocytes, neutrophils, eurythrocytes

4 Types of Bones Long—example: humerus (upper arm) Short—example: carpals (wrist) Flat—example: frontal (skull) Irregular—example: vertebrae (spinal bones) Chapter 6-Page 122

Structure of long bones Structural components Figure 6-1 –Diaphysis or shaft –Medullary cavity containing yellow marrow –Epiphyses or ends of the bone; spongy bone contains red bone marrow –Articular cartilage—covers epiphyses as a cushion –Periosteum—strong membrane covering bone except at joint surfaces –Endosteum—lines medullary cavity

Microscopic structure of cartilage Cartilage –Chondrocytes located in lacunae –Matrix is flexible plastic-like gel reinforced with collagenous fibers –Matrix is free of blood vessels—nutrients reach chondrocytes by diffusion –Injured cartilage heals slowly

Divisions of the Skeleton Axial Appendicular

Professor Abram’s Left Knee Prognosis This is the MRI from my left knee. Below are the notes that I took after a visit with my orthopedic surgeon prior to surgery in September of 2010.

Post-Op Report

Professor Abram’s Left Knee

Femur Normal Meniscus Femur after shaving

Prof. Abram’s Patella Worn Patella Shaved Patella

Knee Joint A Patient’s Guide to Knee Arthroscopy. (n. d.). (Publication No. SL-111). [Health Information Booklet]. Aberdeen, SD: Evergreen Publications.

What are some characteristics of the Male Pelvis?

Male Pelvis Chapter 6 page 143 Pelvic Inlet Sacral promontory Illialpectineal line Pubic crest Symphysis Pubis Question: Is Pubic angle Narrow or Wide?

What are the characteristics of the female pelvis?

Female Pelvis Pelvic Outlet Ischial spine Coccyx Symphysis Pubis Question: Is the pubic angle narrow or wide?

_full.cfm?doc_id=P07389 MaleFemale

Differences of Male and Female Pelvis Figure 6-18 Male Larger in size Pelvis shape: Deep and narrow Narrow pelvic inlet Narrow pubic angle Female Smaller in size Pelvic shape: Broad and shallow Wider pelvic inlet to allow passage of baby’s head Wider pubic angle

How does an adult spine differ from an infant spine? Let’s find out..shall we???

Infant Spine : _05.html _05.html

Spine Comparison Adult Spine Figure 6-9 page 133 Concave curves-lumbar curves of spine Thoracic and Sacral curves-Convex curves Infant Spine Figure 6-11 page 135 Continuous Convex curve Reverse or concave curve develops in neck Lumbar region becomes concave

Joint (articulations) Synarthroses (no movement)— Amphiarthroses (slight movement)— Diarthroses (free movement)—

Joint (articulations) Synarthroses (no movement)— Amphiarthroses (slight movement)— Diarthroses (free movement)— Give an example of each !

Joint (articulations) Page 142 Synarthroses (no movement) = between cranial bones Amphiarthroses (slight movement) = symphysis pubis Diarthroses (free movement) = shoulder

Joint (articulations) Kinds of joints: Figures 6-20, 6-21 –Types of freely movable joints—ball-and- socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, gliding, and condyloid

Rickets: Bow Legs Metabolic disorders - Rickets Vitamin D deficiency

Joint disorders Osteo- arthritis (non- inflammatory disease)