Do Now 8/28/14 1.What type of cells make up the outermost layer of our skin? (simple cuboidal, simple squamous, stratified squamous?) 2.Why do we have skin? List 2 purposes that you can come up with… 3.List 3 components of the Integumentary system

Unit 1 Reflection 1.What is the most important takeaway you have from this past unit? What will you still remember in 2-4 years? 2.How did your performance on this test compare to how you expected to do? 3.What did you do well in preparation for this test? Did you do anything different from how you studied for the quizzes? What can you still improve upon for next test? 4.What study skills did you utilize in preparing for this test? Which were most effective? 5.What did Ms. Krone do well to prepare you? 6.What can Ms. Krone do differently to prepare you?

Before we get started…  Why is it important to learn about the integumentary system? Write 2 things in your notes that would be helpful to know about this body system

A few definitions…  Epi- PREFIX upon, on top of  Hypo- PREFIX under  Derm- PREFIX skin  Membrane- A thin layer of tissue that covers surfaces or separates regions, structures, or organs of an animal or a plant  Keratin – protein that strengthens the epidermis

Insane in the membrane 4 different types: 1. Serous membranes = line body cavities that are not open to the surface.  WHY? Keeps things in place, lubricates  Example: A serous membrane lines the abdominal cavity.

Insane in the membrane 2. Mucous membranes = Line body cavities that open to the surface.  WHY? Lubricates, traps and prevents the entry of objects.  Examples: Mucous membranes line the nasal, oral, digestive, urinary, and reproductive cavities.

Insane in the membrane 3. Synovial membranes= line the joints  WHY? Produces fluids to lubricate the joints  Examples: Synovial membranes can be found in your knees and shoulders.

Insane in the membrane 4. Cutaneous membranes= skin  WHY? (see next section)  Example: Your skin is a cutaneous membrane composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells & connective tissue

Please identify what type of membrane would be used for each of these purposes: 1.Keep my joints from grinding into each other 2.Protect my body from bacteria entering through the nose. 3.Keep my lungs from jamming into my ribs 4.Keep out bacteria from entering through the surface 5.Produce snot

Answers…  Keep my joints from grinding into each other  Synovial membrane  Protect my body from bacteria entering through the nose.  Mucous membrane  Keep my lungs from jamming into my ribs  Serous membrane  Keep out bacteria from entering through the surface  Cutaneous membrane  Produce snot  Mucous membrane

So Why do we have skin??  1. protective covering  2. regulates body temperature  3. prevents water loss  4. Houses sensory receptors  5. synthesizes various biochemicals (vitamin D )

So Why do we have skin?? 1.protective covering 2.regulates body temperature 3.prevents water loss 4.Houses sensory receptors 5.synthesizes various biochemicals (vitamin D )

Layers of the Cutaneous Membrane  Epidermis : top layer made of stratified squamous epithelial cells.  Used for protection. Indents of it make hair and nails  No blood vessels

Come Let’s Get Sun Burned

5 Layers of the Epidermis Most superficial Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale Most deep

Stratum corneum  Top layer of skin  layers of dead, keratinized cells  Provide a barrier due to thickened surface

Stratum lucidum  Only found in “thick skin” (palms of hands/soles of feet)

Stratum granulosum  Where keratinization begins  Cells fill up with keratin  cell starts to die

Stratum spinosum  Contain keratinocytes – most abundant cell type in epidermis  Contain immune cells that help fight infection

Stratum basale  Deepest layer of the epidermis  Contain keratinocytes  Contain melanocytes – produce melanin which affects skin color  Contain tactile cells – sensitive to touch and provide sensory signals to brain

Thick vs. Thin Skin  Thick skin is only found on your palms, soles of feet, and tips of fingers and toes  Contains all 5 layers of epidermis  Does not contain hair follicles  Thin skin is found everywhere else  Contains only 4 layers (no stratum lucidum)

Skin Color  All people have about the same number of melanocytes  But, melanocyte activity and color of melanin varies  UV light stimulates melanocytes to make more melanin

Freckles  Freckles represent an increase in melanocyte activity

Friction Ridges  Most commonly known as fingerprints  Found on the fingers, palms, soles, and toes  Due to folds in dermis and epidermis  Increase friction so we can better grasp objects and possibly increase skin’s flexibility  Each individual has a unique pattern of friction ridges

1.Place your right index finger on the ink pad, gently rolling from side to side so that the fingertip becomes coated from the first joint in the finger to the tip, and from fingernail edge to fingernail edge. 2.Carefully press your finger against the side of the balloon from the edge of your fingernail across your finger pad to the other side of your fingernail. 3.Inflate the balloon. 4.Examine your fingerprint. 5.Compare your fingerprint to the pictured samples. 6.Identify whether your fingerprint pattern is a loop, arch, or whorl.

1.Rub the end of a pencil in a back-and forth motion, creating a patch of graphite. 2.Rub your right index finger across the graphite patch, gently rolling from side to side so that the fingertip becomes coated with graphite from the first joint in the finger to the tip, and from fingernail edge to fingernail edge. 3.Tear off a piece of clear adhesive tape about 2 inches long. Carefully press the sticky side of the tape onto your finger from the edge of your fingernail across your finger pad to the other side of your fingernail. 4.Gently peel off the tape and press onto a clean sheet of paper. 5.Examine your fingerprint. 6.Compare your fingerprint to the pictured samples. 7.Identify whether your fingerprint pattern is a loop, arch, or whorl.

Create a Visual Diagram of the Layers of the Epidermis  Leave room for more layers to be added below and structures within/to the side  Include all 5 layers and label  Include definitions and example(s) of each

Homework  Read and take notes on 6.1b (dermis) and 6.1c (subcutaneous layer)