Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 12/e Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism The Progressive Impulse The Progressive Impulse  What IS progressivism?  What were the key impulses that characterized progressivism?  What were the “varieties”?

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism The Progressive Impulse The Progressive Impulse –Varieties of Progressivism  Belief in progress—neede human intervention to create order, stability, justice  “Antimonopoly”  Importance of Social Cohesion  Faith in Knowledge

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism The Progressive Impulse The Progressive Impulse –The Muckrakers  Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens associated with what?

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism The Progressive Impulse The Progressive Impulse –The Social Gospel  Characteristics of Social Gospel movement?  Walter Rauschenbusch  Father John Ryan “One could hear human virtue cracking and crashing all around.” Walter Rauschenbusch

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The Progressive Impulse The Progressive Impulse –The Settlement House Movement  Jane Addams and Hull House  What was the philosophy of this movement? Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism The Progressive Impulse The Progressive Impulse –The Allure of Expertise  What were the characteristics of the so-called new professionalism? How did it express itself in the social sciences?

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism The Progressive Impulse The Progressive Impulse –The Allure of Expertise  Scientific Analysis, use of engineers, scientific study, strong organization, use of experts  Rise of Social Sciences—concern with the structure of organizations, building new political and economic institutions capable of managing modern society

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism The Progressive Impulse The Progressive Impulse –The Professions  American Medical Association  Lawyers and the Bar  National Association of Manufacturers Lawyers’ Club in New York (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism The Progressive Impulse The Progressive Impulse –Women and the Professions  Female-Dominated Professions Women Stenographers (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Women and Reform Women and Reform  Key Role of Women in Reform Causes  How was this both an expansion and confirmation of women’s separate spheres?

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Women and Reform Women and Reform –The “New Woman”  What was meant by this?

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Women and Reform Women and Reform –The “New Woman”  Socioeconomic Origins of the New Woman –Income producing out of the home –School started earlier –Technology = less domestic chores –Decreasing family sizes  “Boston Marriages”

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Women and Reform Women and Reform –The Clubwomen  GFWC The Colored Women’s League of Washington (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Women and Reform Women and Reform –The Clubwomen  GFWC  A Public Space for Women—WITHOUT challenging the existing order  Women’s Trade Union League—what did they do?

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Women and Reform Women and Reform –The Clubwomen  GFWC  A Public Space for Women—WITHOUT challenging the existing order  Women’s Trade Union League—what did they do? –Female workers, $ for strikes, picket lines, bailed out of jail, etc.

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Women and Reform Women and Reform –Woman Suffrage  What were the arguments for and against women’s suffrage?  How did the debate over the “sphere” of women shape the suffrage movement? Which positions was probably the most influential in finally obtaining the vote? Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Suffragette Banner (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Women and Reform Women and Reform –Woman Suffrage  Radical Challenge of Women’s Suffrage  NAWSA  Conservative Arguments for Suffrage  Nineteenth Amendment Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Suffragette Banner (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Women and Reform Women and Reform –Woman Suffrage  Radical Challenge of Women’s Suffrage  NAWSA  Conservative Arguments for Suffrage  Nineteenth Amendment  Equal Rights Amendment—started split in feminist movement; Alice Paul Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The Assault on the Parties The Assault on the Parties  Reforming Government Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The Assault on the Parties The Assault on the Parties –Early Attacks  Mugwumps  Attacking Party Rule—secret ballot Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The Assault on the Parties The Assault on the Parties –Municipal Reform  Middle-Class Progressives Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The Assault on the Parties The Assault on the Parties –New Forms of Governance  Commission Plan  City-Manager Plan Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The Assault on the Parties The Assault on the Parties –New Forms of Governance  Commission Plan  City-Manager Plan  Tom Johnson Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The Assault on the Parties The Assault on the Parties –Statehouse Progressivism  What was the basic purpose of the initiative, referendum, direct primary, and recall? Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The Assault on the Parties The Assault on the Parties –Statehouse Progressivism  Circumvent boss-controlled legislatures  Initiative and Referendum  Direct Primary and Recall Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The Assault on the Parties The Assault on the Parties –Statehouse Progressivism  Initiative and Referendum  Direct Primary and Recall  Robert La Follette—Why did his state become known as “The Laboratory of Democracy? Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The Assault on the Parties The Assault on the Parties –Parties and Interest Groups  Decline of Party Influence Party Influence Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Voter Participation in Presidential Elections,

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Sources of Progressive Reform Sources of Progressive Reform –Labor, the Machine, and Reform Reform  Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Sources of Progressive Reform Sources of Progressive Reform –Labor, the Machine, and Reform Reform  Triangle Shirtwaist Fire  Smith and Wagner—By what means did some urban political machines survive the progressive period? Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Sources of Progressive Reform Sources of Progressive Reform –Western Progressives  Sources of Western Progressivism Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Sources of Progressive Reform Sources of Progressive Reform –African Americans and Reform  W.E.B. Du Bois Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism “Is it possible and probable that nine millions of men can make effective progress in economic lines if they are deprived of political rights, made a servile caste, and allowed only the most meager chance for developing their exceptional men?” W. E. B. Du Bois

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Sources of Progressive Reform Sources of Progressive Reform –African Americans and Reform  W.E.B. Du Bois  NAACP Founded  The NAACP’s Strategy Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Crusade for Social Order and Reform Crusade for Social Order and Reform –The Temperance Crusade  WCTU Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Crusade for Social Order and Reform Crusade for Social Order and Reform –The Temperance Crusade  WCTU  Eighteenth Amendment  Today anti-liquor laws are conservative. Why was prohibition regarded as a progressive issue? Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Crusade for Social Order and Reform Crusade for Social Order and Reform –Immigration Restriction  Most progressive abhorred the urban disorder resulting from the influx of immigrants, but they differed about the appropriate response. Which one dominated and why? Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Total Immigration, Sources of Immigration,

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Crusade for Social Order and Reform Crusade for Social Order and Reform –Immigration Restriction  Eugenics and Nativism Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism Total Immigration, Sources of Immigration,

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Challenging the Capitalist Order Challenging the Capitalist Order –The Dream of Socialism  Eugene Debs  “Wobblies”  Socialism’s Demise Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Challenging the Capitalist Order Challenging the Capitalist Order –Decentralization and Regulation  The Problem of Corporate Centralization  “Good Trusts” and “Bad Trusts” Chapter Twenty-One: The Rise of Progressivism

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Prompts:  Dr. Brinkley asserts that “Progressives absorbed many more defeats than they won victories, but they left American profoundly changed nevertheless”. Analyze these victories and defeats, as well as the way in which America was profoundly changed.  To what extent did economic and political developments as well as assumptions about the nature of women affect the position of American women during the period ?  Analyze and evaluate Booker T. Washington’s program for American blacks and W. E. B. Du Bois’s challenge to that program.  Agree or disagree: progressivism was largely an effort by a relatively small and privileged group of wealthy business leaders who sought reforms that benefited their own political, economic, and social interests.