Chapter 21 Emergency Procedures

Emergency Situations First aid Good Samaritan Act Golden rule Rescuer Victim

Steps in an Emergency Assess environment Obtain consent to treat Try to determine what happened Follow standard precautions Enlist help of bystanders Never move victim Stay calm

Question What is the golden rule in providing first aid? A.Stay calm B.Do no further harm C.Assess the environment

Answer B. Do no further harm Golden rule –Do no further harm Staying calm and assessing environment important –But not known as golden rule

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) CPR Rescue breathing Obstructed airway Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) Pediatric advanced life support (PALS)

First Aid Always observe standard precautions –Carry gloves –Use barrier CPR –First priority in emergency If CPR not needed, assess for other problems

Allergic Reactions Mild and moderate reactions Severe reaction –Anaphylactic shock Bites and stings

Question Which of the following would be performed if the victim is unable to breathe due to an obstructed airway? A.Heimlich maneuver B.Rescue breathing C.CPR

Answer A. Heimlich maneuver If patient has obstructed airway, Heimlich Maneuver performed Neither rescue breathing nor CPR would be effective until after obstructed airway cleared

Bleeding and Wounds Hemorrhage Arterial bleeding Venous bleeding Do not use tourniquet

Bleeding and Wounds External bleeding Internal bleeding Wounds Sucking wounds Amputations

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Fractures and joint dislocations Open fracture Closed fracture Joint dislocation Muscle strain Sprain

Question Which of the following would be the most effective method to stop external bleeding? A.Apply a tourniquet B.Change dressings when they become saturated C.Apply direct pressure

Answer C. Apply direct pressure Applying direct pressure helps stop bleeding Tourniquet should not be used Changing dressings increases bleeding –Should only be reinforced as needed Not changed

Facial Injuries Eye injuries Ear injuries Nose injuries

Burns 1 st degree –Superficial 2 nd degree –Partial thickness 3 rd degree –Full thickness

Burns Steps 1.Stop burning 2.Cool burned area 3.Cover burned area

Burns Heat Radiation Chemicals Electrical current

Question True or False: –A pressure dressing should be applied if a victim is bleeding from the ear.

Answer False Do not block bleeding or drainage from ear

Drug-Related Problems Misuse or overuse of any drug Drug overdose Withdrawal from addictive drugs

Poisonings Ingestion Inhalation

Temperature-Related Illness Frostbite Hypothermia Heat cramps Heat stroke

Question Which of the following conditions should be treated by giving fluids? A.Heat stroke B.Ingestion of a poison C.Heat cramps

Answer C. Heat cramps Fluids can be given to someone with heat cramps –Be sure it does not contain caffeine or alcohol Heat stroke and ingested poison victims should not be given fluids

Other Conditions Breathing difficulty Hyperventilation Chest pain (angina) Diabetes Fainting (syncope) Fever (hyperthermia)

Other Conditions Drowning Seizures (convulsions) Shock Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Unconsciousness

Question A victim with angina is most likely suffering from what condition? A.Lack of oxygen getting to the heart B.Diabetes C.Seizure disorder

Answer A. Lack of oxygen getting to the heart Angina –Chest pain –Occurs when lack of oxygen getting to heart muscle Diabetes and seizure disorders not characterized by angina

Bandaging Sling Spiral wrap Figure-eight wrap Bandage to finger