1.during an annual hunt 2.they made a whistling sound 3.Parts of Russia, Chine Mongolia, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Iran, and Tibet 4.It connected cultures and promoted trade VV

Lesson 9A

Vocabulary Lesson 9A

numerous (adj.) present in large numbers

infuriating (adj.) maddening, making someone extremely angry

disciplined (adj.) able to work and behave in a controlled way, obeying rules

elegant (adj.) pleasing or graceful in appearance or style

quotation (n.) a sentence or phrase that is repeated by someone else

seize (v.) to take control of something quickly and suddenly with force

reputation (n.) the opinion people have about someone or something

utterly (adv.) completely, extremely

extent (n.) the length, area, or size of something

fierce (adj.) very aggressive or angry

lines 23-27

lines lines lines

c d a b

numerous extent fierce elegant

seize infuriated quotation reputation

numerous infuriated elegant extent fierce quotation seize

1.A strong ruler, Catherine introduced many reforms 2.Peter the Great, Tsar Nicolas, Ivan the Terrible 3.Sweden, Poland, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Russia persist ;but not Prussia, the Habsburg, and Ottoman empires V

Lesson 9B

Vocabulary Lesson 9B

controversial (adj.) subject to intense public disagreement

charm (n.) the quality of being pleasant and attractive

moderation (n.) an action that is reasonable and not extreme

reform (v.) to change or improve a law, social system, or institution

institution (n.) a large, important organization such as a university or bank

industrious (adj.) hard-working, energetic

distort (v.) to give an inaccurate or exaggerated report of something

personality (n.) one’s whole character and nature

ambition (n.) the desire to be successful, rich, or powerful

charm (n.) the quality of being pleasant and attractive

insult (v.) to do something that is rude or offensive

lines 34-37

lines lines lines 95-97

distorted controversial insulting

ambition industrious reforms personality moderation

controversy personality insult charming institution ambition moderation distort

Answers will vary but include the face that Cleopatra was a powerful and influential woman

ambition charmed fiercely reputation

extent insult utterly numerous seized

For More Information index.html Russia

Key Words for Internet Research Catherine the Great of Russia CleopatraGenghis Khan Genghis Khan’s grave lvan the Terrible Karakorum Khan genealogy Mongol historyRoman Emperor Constantine

Reading Skills

Making Inferences When we read a text, the author does not tell us everything. Therefore, we must be able to guess some things and make clear assumptions from the information, facts, opinions and author’s feelings presented in the passage. Such a process of guessing and critical thinking is called Making inferences.

Understanding Main ideas (Skimming) Once we've determined the text type of a passage, and what it's generally about, we usually then read on to understand the main idea of the passage. In other words: What is the writer basically telling us? Or, What is the writer's main message? Understanding the main idea of a text means being able to identify the most important point or information in the passage.

Identifying Detail Identifying details in a text to answer specific questions (eg: who, what, when, where, why) is often achieved through a strategy known as ‘Scanning’ for details. This is actually a technique often used in daily life when looking up a word in the telephone book or dictionary. Also when you read a newspaper, you're probably not reading it word-by-word, instead you're scanning the text for important information of interest.

Reading for Gist Reading for gist is reading to get a general sense of what a reading passage is basically about. In other words, we read to understand the main topic, or theme of the passage. For example, a reading passage might basically be about a new type of technology, or a tourist's vacation trip, or a story about a fictional character.