SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES By Andrea Newell & Ashley Salter

STATES OF MATTER The basic states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. However, there are two types of solids known as crystalline solids and amorphous solids. This clear quartz is an example of a crystalline crystal. Crystalline solids are solids that are made up of crystals and form a regular, repeating pattern. This butter is an example of an amorphous solid. In amorphous, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern.

CHANGES OF STATE A change in state from a solid to a liquid is melting. A change in state from liquid to solid is freezing.

CHANGES IN STATE TO AND FROM GASES A change from a liquid to a gas is called vaporization. vaporization takes place when the particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas. vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid is called evaporation condensation is the opposite of vaporization and it occurs when particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid. A change from a solid to a gas is sublimation. Dry ice is an example of sublimation.

GAS BEHAVIOR Measuring gases When dealing with gas, it is important to know its volume, temperature, and pressure. Volume can be measured in centimeters cubed, mL, or L Temperature can be measured in degrees Celsius or in Kelvin's The pressure of a gas is the force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container. Pressure can be measured in Pa or kPa

GAS BEHAVIOR Charles's law found when temperature of a gas is increased at a constant pressure, its volume increases. When the temperature of a gas is decreased at constant pressure, its volume decreases. Boyle found that that when the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is increased, the volume of the gas decreases. when the pressure is decreased, the volume increases. Charles's lawBoyle's law

GRAPHING GAS BEHAVIORS A graph is a diagram that tells how two variables, or factors change, are related. there are different types of graphs as shown below. BAR GRAPHLINE GRAPHPICTOGRAPH

GLOSSARY Solid- A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. Liquid- A shape liquid has a definite volume but no shape of its own. Gas- A gas has no definite shape or volume. Surface Tension- surface tension is the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together. Directly Proportional- when a graph of two variables is a straight line passing through the origin, the variables are said to be directly proportioned. Vary Inversely- A term to used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graphs forms a curve thats slopes downwards.

GRAPHING GAS BEHAVIOR Charles's lawBoyle's law The graph of Charles's law shows that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature under constant pressure. The graph for Boyle's law shows that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume at constant pressure.

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