Mid-Term Study Guide

12 th Amendment (pp. 279, 335)- set out requirements for electing president with separate votes for president and vice-president

Aaron Burr (pp. 285, notes on treason trial)- killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel, tried for treason, found not guilty due to lack of two witnesses to same act

Alamo (pp )- in this battle 180 Texans held off several thousand Mexicans for 12 days before the Mexicans broke through and killed all the soldiers

Andrew Jackson (pp , 336)- hero of Battle of New Orleans, changed politics due to his popularity with the common man, formed Democratic Party, spoils systems

Battle of New Orleans (pp )- fought after War of 1812 ended, had pirates and African-Americans fighting for Americans, made Andrew Jackson a war hero

Convention of 1818 (p. 326)- set the official border between U. S. and Canada

Cotton gin (p. 308)- invention to remove seeds from cotton; contributed most to the growth of the plantation system in the South before the Civil War

Eli Whitney (p. 308)- inventor of cotton gin

Embargo Act (p. 290)- banned trade with ALL countries

Executive privilege (notes on Burr’s treason trial)- evoked by President Jefferson when refusing to give document or testify in Burr treason trial

Factory system (p. 309)- bringing all manufacturing steps together in one place

Free blacks’ opportunities (pp )- limited education and political opportunities, some choices in employment

Gold Rush (pp )- when gold was found in California in 1849, merchants made most profit

Growth of cities (p. 311)- mostly in North, due to industrialization and immigration

Impressment (p. 290)- British practice of boarding ships and forcing individuals to join the military

Indian Removal Act (p. 342)- authorized the relocation of Native Americans to the Indian Territory

Industrial Revolution (pp )- movement centered in New England that brought industrialization to North

Interchangeable parts (p. 309)- Uniform pieces that could be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces

John Marshall (p. 281)- Supreme Court Justice who expanded power of national government and Supreme Court

Kentucky Resolutions (p. 338)- an early challenge to nationalism in favor of states’ rights

Louisiana Purchase (pp )- Western settlers needed to use New Orleans in order to get their goods to market. When the Spanish returned Louisiana to the French, settlers no longer had the right of deposit. As a result, President Jefferson sent men to negotiate with Napoleon to buy New Orleans and West Florida for $10 million. Instead, the French offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million (about 3¢ an acre). This transaction doubled the size of the United States. Jefferson justified the purchase due to the constitutional right to make treaties. After the purchase, Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new territory. Sacagawea, the native guide and interpreter, helped ensure the success of the expedition.

Manifest Destiny (pp )- the idea that the United States was meant to expand to the Pacific

Marbury v. Madison (p. 281)- established principle of judicial review

McCulloch v. Maryland (pp )- supported 2 nd Bank of United States against Maryland; said states cannot tax federal institutions

Monroe Doctrine (p. 327)- said that U. S. would not interfere with existing colonies in the Americas but would oppose any new ones

Mormons (pp )- settled in Utah Territory to escape religious persecution

National Republicans (p. 336)- lost 1828 election to Jackson and Jacksonian Democrats

Northern immigrants (pp )- most came from Ireland and Germany

Northern opposition to annexation of Texas (p. 368)- fears that Texas would become a slave state

Northwest Ordinance (pp )- 1787, applied to lands between Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, banned slavery in territories, territories could apply for statehood when population reached 60,000

Number of slaves in antebellum South (p. 403)- about 1/3 of population was slave

Oregon Territory (pp. 356, 361)- acquired by U. S. in 1846, on western coast above California

Plantations (p )- Southern agricultural system of large farms using slave labor

Public education reform movement goals (p. 413)- free education supported by taxes, teacher training, & school attendance required

Slave codes (p. 405)- made it illegal to teach slaves to read and write

Spoils system (p. 337)- practice of giving government jobs to the winner’s supporters

Steamboat (pp )- invented by Robert Fulton, could travel upstream

Treaty of Ghent (p. 299)- ended War of prewar boundaries reset, prisoners returned, ended war

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (p. 374)- ended Mexican War; border between Texas and Mexico set at Rio Grande; Mexico gave up all claims to New Mexico and California; the United States paid Mexico $15 million

Underground Railroad (pp. 406, 422)- system of safe houses for runaway slaves, divided North and South even further

War of 1812 combatants (pp )- Americans, British, Native Americans

Westward expansion reasons (p. 359)- spread freedom by peacefully occupying entire continent

Whigs (pp )- political party formed in 1837 to oppose Jackson; Harrison and Tyler were Whigs

Yeomen (p. 402)- Southern land owners who did not own slaves

Zebulon Pike (p. 285)- explored present-day Colorado and Texas

John Deere Invented steel-tipped plow

Essays Louisiana Purchase Northwest Ordinance Advantages/disadvantages of a major invention