American Inventions and Innovations
Samuel Slater Father of the US Factory System
Eli Whitney Cotton Gin
Elias Howe Sewing Machine
Isaac Singer – Sewing Machine Started the 1 st patent war
1. Railroads
All railroad tracks now have a width of 56 1/2 inches (143.5 centimeters) John Stevens Standardized Gauges
George Westinghouse Air Brakes
George Pullman Sleeping “Palace” Car
2. Steel "Farewell, then, Age of Iron; all hail, King Steel.." Andrew Carnegie
Henry Bessemer - BR William Kelly - Am Mass Production of Steel
Bessemer Process: a. Heat iron ore to liquid state b. Blast it with hot air which burns out the impurities in iron c. Liquid “steel” is poured out into pre-fabricated forms
Andrew Carnegie’s Vertical Integration Monopoly created by owning ALL aspects of production Raw Materials = ore, coke, coal, & manganese Manufacturing = furnaces, mills, railroads Product Distribution = steel
Elevator Elisha Otis
John Roebling Suspension Bridge 1st in World = London Bridge 1st in US = Brooklyn Bridge
Frank Sprague Trolley Car – ran on steel cables Steel cable reel
Thomas Edison Light Bulb – used a dynamo (primitive generator)
“Black Gold”
Edwin Drake Oil Well Pump
John D. Rockefeller Horizontal Integration Monopoly by merging and owning competing companies in ONE area of business Raw Materials = petroleum (oil) Manufacturing = Refineries, Pipelines, Tankers Product Distribution = fuel, kerosene, oil, tar
S... F.-. B -... M -- O.. R... S... E. Telegraph Machine Language = Morse Code
Alexander Graham Bell Telephone
"We arrived here at nine o'clock this morning. All well. Thank God, the cable is laid, and is in perfect working order." Cyrus Fields Transatlantic Cable Used telegraph cables to send messages
Typewriter Christopher Sholes
James Ritty Cash Register Original Model Updated Model
Cyrus McCormick - Mechanical Reaper
John Deere – Steel Plow
Gail Borden Evaporated Milk
Henry John Heinz Innovated the technique of preserving food Without canning Famous Product - ketchup
An early refrigerator car design, circa Hatches in the roof provided access to the ice tanks at each end of the car. Gustavus Swift
Fannie Farmer Standardized cooking measurements
John KelloggWill Kellogg Granola – Dried Flakes
C. W. Post Grape Nuts Beginning of Cereal Wars
that had an impact on American Life
George Eastman Kodak Camera
Wilbur and Orville Wright Airplane
That’s All Folks! By: Mrs. Martin