Executive Branch Law-Enforcers

What person is the chief law-enforcement officer for the nation? President– Carries out laws and programs passed by Congress President– Carries out laws and programs passed by Congress President has access to advisors--- Advisors are called a cabinet. There are currently 15 cabinet posts. President has access to advisors--- Advisors are called a cabinet. There are currently 15 cabinet posts. Examples include Examples include  Dept. of Agriculture  Dept. of Defense  Dept. of State  Dept. of Treasury

President Obama meets with Cabinet President Obama meets with Cabinet

Law Enforcement Federal law enforcement agencies are under the President like… Federal law enforcement agencies are under the President like…  FBI—Federal Bureau of Investigation  DEA—Drug Enforcement Administration  ATF—Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms  IRS—Internal Revenue Service  Homeland Security—Secret Service  U.S. Marshall Service

How long is one term of the President of the United States? 4 year term---A President can be Re- elected once. 4 year term---A President can be Re- elected once.

What are the Qualifications for President? A President must be… A President must be…  35 years old or older  A natural born citizen  14 year resident of the United States

Additional powers and responsibilities of the President are: Commander-in-chief– In charge of all armed forces and militia Commander-in-chief– In charge of all armed forces and militia Grants pardons-- Complete forgiveness for a crime( ex—Pres. Ford/Nixon) Grants pardons-- Complete forgiveness for a crime( ex—Pres. Ford/Nixon) Makes treaties– Agreements with other countries Makes treaties– Agreements with other countries Receives diplomats—Meets Representatives from foreign countries Receives diplomats—Meets Representatives from foreign countries Appoints all federal judges (when there is a vacancy)--- Must have approval of Senate. Appoints all federal judges (when there is a vacancy)--- Must have approval of Senate.

Judicial Branch Law Interpreters Jurisdiction---The authority of a court to try (hear and decide) a case. Jurisdiction---The authority of a court to try (hear and decide) a case. Original Jurisdiction---The authority of a court to try a case FIRST. Original Jurisdiction---The authority of a court to try a case FIRST. Appellate Jurisdiction--- The authority of a court to review a case heard in a lower court. Appellate Jurisdiction--- The authority of a court to review a case heard in a lower court.

Court Triangle The Bottom level of the court triangle The Bottom level of the court triangle U.S. District Court U.S. District Court –Federal cases begin here –1 Judge, 12 jurors –Original jurisdiction court –Guilty or not guilty

Court Triangle continued The middle level of the court triangle The middle level of the court triangle Circuit Court of Appeals Circuit Court of Appeals –NO cases begin here –Only hear appeals –3 judges, NO jury –Appellate Jurisdiction

Court Triangle continued The top level of the court triangle The top level of the court triangle U.S. Supreme Court U.S. Supreme Court –Almost all cases are appeals –Determine constitutionality of law –9 judges, NO jury –Justices appointed for life –THIS IS THE END OF THE ROAD. DECISIONS OF COURT ARE TYPICALLY FINAL

Work of the court Unconstitutional---Against the Constitution Unconstitutional---Against the Constitution Supreme Court is only group that can declare a law Unconstitutional Supreme Court is only group that can declare a law Unconstitutional Treason is going to war against the U.S. or giving aid to enemies Treason is going to war against the U.S. or giving aid to enemies Treason is included in the Constitution to prevent the innocent from being accused. Treason is included in the Constitution to prevent the innocent from being accused.

Current U.S. Supreme Court Justices--- Sotomayor-58 Breyer-75 Alito-63 Kagan-53 Thomas-65 Scalia-77 Roberts-58 Kennedy-77 Ginsburg-80 Obama Clinton Bush II Obama Bush I Reagan Bush II Reagan Clinton