 Bridge to College Semester 2 Common Assessment Review

Grammar: Active vs. Passive Voice Direction: Label the following active or passive voice. If passive, rewrite the sentence in the active voice. 1. Ben was told by his boss to come prepared to work on Tuesday. 2. On Tuesday, John went to lunch with his friends. 3. The movie confused both Jamie and me. 4. The coach and the assistant coach encouraged Aaliyah to practice her free throws. 5. Justin Bieber was surrounded by a throng of fanatical preteens. 6. My lost car was recovered by the police. 7. A confused seagull flew into the plane’s engine. 8. Aldous Huxley wrote the dystopian novel Brave New World. 9. The driveway was covered by a slick coat of ice.

Grammar: Parallelism Direction: Label the sentence as parallel or not parallel. Revise the sentences that have faulty parallel structure. 1. At the game, they wanted entertainment and to cheer their team. 2. Students spend their free time in a variety of ways: playing games, talking to friends, and to check their Twitter feed. 3. Space exploration has created opportunities for science experiments and commercial travel to Mars. 4. The Seahawks have a strong, determined defense; a balanced aggressive offense; and they have a decent special teams strategy. 5. To paint interests me more than sculpting. 6. The engine in Jenny’s car is similar to Tom. 7. People are more likely to rent an apartment than to buy a house.

Writing: Compare/Contrast  Elements of an Essay  Attention grabber  Background / Context  Controlling Idea  Thesis  Topic sentence  Major Support  Minor / Evidence  Commentary  Universal Commentary  Compare-Contrast Structure  Point-by-Point Format  Block Format

Writing: Argumentative  Elements of an Essay  Argumentative Structure  Position Statement / Claim  Opposing Argument  Concession  Refutation / Rebuttal  Call to Action  Persuasive Appeals  Logos, pathos, ethos

Embedding Quotes: Sample  According to Clay Shirky, it is journalism itself that will make the difference: “Society doesn’t need newspapers. What we need is journalism” (14).  In his criticism about newspapers, Clay Shirky states, “Society doesn’t need newspapers. What we need is journalism” (14).  Journalism itself will make the difference: “Society doesn’t need newspapers. What we need is journalism” (Shirky 14).

Embedding Quote Practice Which is formatted correctly? A. John says, “But I don’t want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want sin.” (Huxley 227). B. John says, “But I don’t want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want sin.” (227). C. John says, “But I don’t want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want sin” (Huxley 227). D. John says, “But I don’t want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want sin” (Aldous Huxley 227).

Writing: Rhetorical Precis  Purpose: to briefly summarize what a writer says in a text and what a writer does to accomplish a purpose.  Structure  Sentence 1 – major claim  Sentence 2 – development of argument  Sentence 3 – author’s purpose  Sentence 4 – audience & tone

Rhetorical Reading Skills  Identifying author’s purpose  Identifying intended audience  Identifying tone  Identifying rhetorical appeals (logical, emotional, ethical)  Connotative and denotative meaning of words  Using context clues to determine meaning of challenging vocabulary  Identifying the main idea/claim in a text  Drawing inferences and conclusion from a text

Dystopian Literature  Purpose  Characteristics  Definition of “Orwellian”

“Dystopia”(worst possible future) the opposite of “utopia” (a perfect society).  PURPOSE:  Warn readers about the dangers of a tyrannical, oppressive, totalitarian government  EXAMPLES  1984 by George Orwell  “Orwellian” - an adjective used to describe excessive government control and invasion and loss of personal privacy and individual rights  Big Brother symbolizes oppressive government  Brave New World by Aldous Huxley  World State and Mustapha Mond symbolizes oppressive government Dystopian Literature

Dystopian Literature: Orwell’s 1984  Main characters - traits and motivations  Major themes and concepts  Symbolism  Author’s stated purpose

Dystopian Literature: Huxley’s Brave New World  Main characters - traits and motivations  Purpose of Shakespearean allusion  Symbolism  Major themes and concepts