Do-now: o Read Case Study: Leann Fletcher, on p o Working in groups, answer the following questions: 1. What was the: cause of death (injury) mechanism of death (physical derangement ie: asphyxiation) manner of death (Natural, Accident, Suicide, Homicide, Undetermined,Pending)? 2. Discuss the significance of the evidence in the implication of Michael Fletcher

Chapter 6 Body Systems © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

3 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Introduction—Objectives 1. Discuss the structure and function of the circulatory system. 2. Evaluate the forensic implications of the circulatory system. 3. Discuss the structure and function of the respiratory system. 4. Evaluate the forensic implications of the respiratory system.

4 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Introduction—Objectives 5. Discuss the structure and function of the muscular system. 6. Evaluate the forensic implications of the muscular system. 7. Identify body systems and discuss their forensic implications.

5 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Introduction—Vocabulary o asphyxiation - a condition in which the amount of oxygen available to the lungs decreases sharply while the level of other gases, especially carbon monoxide, increases o erythrocyte - red blood cell o homeostasis - an organism’s relatively stable internal conditions o leukocyte - white blood cell

6 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Introduction—Vocabulary o lividity - pooling of blood in the lowest portion of the body o platelets - cell fragments that help form blood clots at wound sites; also called thrombocytes o rigor mortis - the stiffening of the skeletal muscles after death o suffocation - condition in which the amount of oxygen available to the lungs is quickly diminished

Leann Fletcher o fRyOsc fRyOsc 7 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

8 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved 8 Leann Fletcher o Michael Fletcher heard a gun shot and found his wife on the floor in a pool of blood o Lividity showed time of death to be just over an hour o Gun shot wound indicated that gun was about 18 inches from body o Michael was arrested, charged, and convicted of second-degree murder

9 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Introduction-Terms o Anatomy—the study of the structure of the human body o Physiology—the study of the function of the body systems o Homeostasis—a stable internal environment

10 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved The Circulatory System (Obj 6.1, 6.2) o There are two types of circulation o Systemic—the heart pumps oxygenated blood through arteries to body cells o Pulmonary—the heart pumps the deoxygenated blood, carbon dioxide and other wastes to the lungs

11 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

12 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Properties of Blood o Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) Carry oxygen throughout body o White Blood Cells (leukocyte) Protect against infection, fight viruses and bacteria o Platelets Cell fragments that help clotting Clotting factors o Plasma

13 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Red Blood Cells o Also called erythrocytes o Carries oxygen throughout the body o Concave shape creates a large, efficient surface area o Hemoglobin—a protein that binds oxygen for transport

14 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved White Blood Cells o Also called leukocytes o Protects the body against infection and fight viruses and bacteria.

15 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Platelets o Also called thrombocytes o Helps form blood clots that act as a plug at open wounds o These clots become scabs when hardened

16 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Plasma o The liquid potion of blood—92% water o Blood cells and platelets are suspended in plasma o Transports important nutrients, vitamins and gases

17 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Human Heart o Atria—upper chamber o Ventricles—lower chamber

Research Activity o In lab groups, have someone grab a biology textbook o Have someone else make a venn diagram that resembles this: o Complete the diagram! 18 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved ArteriesVeins

Homework o Complete worksheet on the circulatory system 19 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

20 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Forensic Implications of the Circulatory System o Evidence Characteristic? Blood type—class characteristic DNA—individual characteristic o Blood—biological evidence o How to treat blood evidence: Hemastix ® —a presumptive test for blood Luminol—another presumptive test Collect samples of blood evidence

21 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Lividity o Lividity—the pooling of blood in the direction of gravity o Livor mortis— the change in color caused by lividity Bluish purple or reddish purple

22 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Petechiae o Often occurs when a limb is in a hanging position o Small red dots underneath the surface of the skin

Dexter o _8Ww _8Ww 23 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

24 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Blood Spatter

Do-now o Hand in lab questions from yesterday o Working in pairs Complete the worksheet in the front. I will collect it. One per group. 25 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Respiratory System o Respiration- the process of gas exchange O 2 is exchanged for CO 2 in the lungs 26 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

27 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved The Respiratory System (Obj 6.3, 6.4)

28 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved The Respiratory System—Structures

What are some ways that people can die that pertain to the respiratory system? 29 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

30 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Forensic Implications of the Respiratory System o Cellular respiration 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy o C 6 H 12 O 6 is glucose which comes from food o Oxygen from the air combines with glucose to create energy for the cells in your body o Asphyxiation—when the available oxygen decreases sharply while the level of toxic gases increases

Scenario 31 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Name some different muscles 32 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

33 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved The Muscular System (Obj 6.5, 6.6)

34 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Forensic Importance of the Muscular System o Actin and myosin—two proteins that form fibers within muscles o Muscles contract when myosin attaches to the actin, forming a bridge o Lack of oxygen after death prevent muscles from relaxing o Rigor mortis—the process in which the muscles of a body begin to stiffen 24 to 48 hours after death

Activity- Bones o What are similarities and differences among the bones? o What is the purpose of bones? o How does the shape affect function in the body? 35 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

HW o Answer all “Think Critically” questions on p Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

37 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved The Forensic Implications of Other Body Systems (Obj 6.7)

38 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved The Forensic Implications of Other Body Systems

39 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved The Forensic Implications of Other Body Systems

40 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved The Forensic Implications of Other Body Systems

41 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter Summary o Each body system can offer clues regarding the events that led up to or occurred during the crime. o The circulatory system systemic circulation pulmonary circulation o The primary role of blood is to transport oxygen to the cells and wastes from them. Components are: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

42 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter Summary o Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. o Capillaries, very small blood vessels surrounding the alveoli, transport oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. o Lividity occurs when blood pools in the lowest part of the body after a person dies. Lividity provides clues about the time and the position of the body at death. o The primary function of the respiratory system is to remove gaseous wastes from the blood and to transport oxygen.

43 Forensic Science II: Body Systems, Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter Summary o The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower. o Asphyxia occurs when the amount of available oxygen decreases while toxic gases increase. o Suffocation is a form of asphyxia that occurs when the amount of available oxygen decreases. o Rigor mortis is the process where the muscles of the body begin to stiffen after death. Rigor begins within two hours after death and can last from 24 to 48 hours.