Newsflash on

50% of our illness and injuries is the result of what we choose to do and not to do.

Besides smoking, what else do we choose to do that leads to health problems? Use alcohol or other drugs Get dark sun tans Eat too much Eat too little Drink and drive Take risks

What are some things we choose not to do that lead to health problems? Not to brush our teeth Not to wear seat belts Not to wear helmets Not to wear life jackets Not to exercise Not to get medical check-ups

How do choices and medical problems relate to our study of Sexual Health?

A - I - D - S - Acquired; from someone else Immune; system is destroyed by virus Deficiency; decreased defense against illness Syndrome; everyone who gets this virus and disease will have the same symptoms and outcome.

H - I - V - Human. This virus does not live in dogs, cats, cows, insects, etc… Immunodeficiency. This virus will attack and decrease the abilities of the immune system to keep you well. Virus. Germs are either bacterial or viral. Bacterial germs are treatable with antibiotics; viral germs are not.

Where did AIDS come from?

These chimps do not suffer harm from this virus. They have lived with it for hundreds of thousands of years. Human beings, however, become fatally ill. Their immune systems cannot survive the continuous attack.

Africans kill these chimps for food. The virus was probably transferred to the human population through an animal bite, or an injury during slaughter.

Infection HIV invades body Immune system creates antibodies HIV attacks/destroys T-cells HIV reproduces at higher rate than T-cell reproduction Immune System breaks down Person gets opportunistic infection (cold, flu, strep, pneumonia) Person dies HIV+ person Person gets opportunistic infection (cold, flu, strep, pneumonia) OI germ invades body Person becomes ill Immune System creates antibodies OI germ destroyed by T-cells Person becomes well HIV- person

How does HIV turn into AIDS? Normal blood draw = 800 to 1000 T-cells

HIV+ status moves to full- blown AIDS when blood draw is less than 200 T-cells. Normal AIDS

3 Routes of transmission 1. Sexual Contact – Heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual contact. Heterosexual:Relationship between two people of the opposite sex. Homosexual: Relationship between two people of the same sex. Bisexual: Person comfortable having a relationship with either sex.

Routes of transmission 1. Sexual Contact 2. Exposure to blood Drug needles, razors toothbrushes, knives, ear piercing, tattoos, etc…

Routes of transmission 1. Sexual Contact 2. Exposure to blood 3. Perinatal – Passed from mother to child during pregnancy. This transmission route has been nearly eliminated if pregnant women get anti-viral drugs from their doctors during pregnancy and have the drugs administered again to the newborn baby.

Which group is most at risk for getting HIV? Heterosexual adult men Heterosexual adult women Homosexual adult men Homosexual adult women Heterosexual teen boys Heterosexual teen girls Homosexual teen boys Homosexual teen girls Bisexual men/boys Bisexual women/girls

Which group is most at risk for getting HIV? Heterosexual adult men Heterosexual adult women Homosexual adult men Homosexual adult women Heterosexual teen boys Heterosexual teen girls – correct answer Homosexual teen boys Homosexual teen girls Bisexual men/boys Bisexual women/girls

We are warned not to touch other people’s body fluids. We have two kinds of body fluids.

Low Risk Body Fluids SalivaTears Amniotic fluid Feces/urine

High Risk Body Fluids BloodSemen Vaginal/cervical secretionsBreast milk

Every 12 minutes a person with AIDS dies in the United States Every 30 seconds another person in the United States is diagnosed HIV+ Every 8 minutes a person is diagnosed with AIDS in the U.S. Every 30 seconds HIV is transmitted sexually in the U.S.

Today there are approximately 40 million people worldwide infected with HIV. Six million of these already have AIDS.

Natural progression of HIV (United States) Positive HIV test 6 months Point of infection Today’s date Clinical AIDS Death 14.8 years 9.8 years These are averages for middle-aged patients. The very young and the very old become ill and die sooner.

AIDS cases in US per 100,000 people South Dakota is considered a “low incident” state CT DE DC MD – 29.5 MA – 23.5 NH – 3.8 NJ – 25.1 RI – 10.8 VT – 3.4

South Dakota reported cases of HIV+ and AIDS diagnosis

Did you know??? Compared to their peers who do not take risks sexually… Sexually active boys are… 6 times more likely to use alcohol. 5 times more likely to use marijuana 10 times more likely to have been in a car with a substance abuser.

Did you know??? Compared to their peers who do not take risks sexually… Sexually active girls are… 5 times more likely to have been suspended from school. 10 times more likely to have used marijuana. 6 times more likely to have tried suicide.

You fill in the blank _____ Compared to their peers who do not take risks sexually… Sexually active boys and girls are… ____ times more likely to be faced with an unwanted pregnancy. ____ times more likely to be faced with a sexually transmitted infection.

How can YOU protect yourself from getting the HIV virus? 1.Remain abstinent. Abstinence is choosing not to be sexually active. Sexual activity refers to any type of genital contact. 2.Do not come in contact with others’ body fluids. HIV is not easy to get! You have to be engaged in high risk behavior to become exposed.

If you are 15 to 24 years old, you belong to the only age group whose life expectancy is NOT increasing! 1700 – 20’s 1900 – – – – – – 77.5 Today – 77.9 Health, United States, 2005 Chartbook on Trends on the Health of Americans

Who remembers our very first slide?

50% of our illness and injuries is the result of what we choose to do and not to do.

The End