STAAR Review Scientific Processes Ecology Weather/Ocean systems Lunar Cycle/Tides Universe Geology Chemistry Physics

Warm UP: Identify the independent, dependent & controlled variables. Some studies suggest that mint stimulates the brain. Mrs. Rauch decided to experiment on her class by giving half the class a peppermint while taking the test and the other half nothing. Then she compared the scores of the peppermint kids to the rest of the class.

What is the independent variable? Some studies suggest that mint stimulates the brain. Mrs. Rauch decided to experiment on her class by giving half the class a peppermint while taking the test and the other half nothing. Then she compared the scores of the peppermint kids to the rest of the class. Whether student gets peppermint or not

What is the dependent variable? Some studies suggest that mint stimulates the brain. Mrs. Rauch decided to experiment on her class by giving half the class a peppermint while taking the test and the other half nothing. Then she compared the scores of the peppermint kids to the rest of the class. Scores on the test

What are the control variables? Some studies suggest that mint stimulates the brain. Mrs. Rauch decided to experiment on her class by giving half the class a peppermint while taking the test and the other half nothing. Then she compared the scores of the peppermint kids to the rest of the class. Same test at same time to same types of students.

What is the control group? Some studies suggest that mint stimulates the brain. Mrs. Rauch decided to experiment on her class by giving half the class a peppermint while taking the test and the other half nothing. Then she compared the scores of the peppermint kids to the rest of the class. Students that do not get peppermint.

What is the experimental group? Some studies suggest that mint stimulates the brain. Mrs. Rauch decided to experiment on her class by giving half the class a peppermint while taking the test and the other half nothing. Then she compared the scores of the peppermint kids to the rest of the class. Students that get peppermint

What instruments can be used to find density of dice? Graduated cylinder or ruler (LxWxH) Balance

Order the following liquids according to which would be on top to the bottom? B on top A in the middle C on the bottom LiquidMassVolumeDensity A20g10ml B80g100ml C5g1ml 2g/ml 0.8g/ml 5g/ml

Order the following from biggest to smallest. 8 kg  200g  400mg 200g 8kg 400mg 200g 8,000g 0.400g Hint: Change all to same unit 1 kg = 1,000g 1,000mg = 1 g

Write the equation that shows how plants make their food. Sun CO 2 + H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 What is the name of this process? Photosynthesis What are the products of photosynthesis? Oxygen & Glucose

A phainopepla bird eats mistletoe berries then leaves its droppings with undigested seeds where it perches. Mutualism What kind of relationship exists between the phainopepla & mistletoe?

A cactus wren builds its nest in a cholla cactus to protect its young from predators such as raven. There is no harm to the cactus. Commensalism What kind of relationship exists between the wren & the cactus?

Name the producer(s) in this food web. Bladderwort & Butterfly orchid

Identify the primary consumer(s). Turtle, Carp, & Mosquito

If the carp population decreased, what would happen to the population of... Bladderworts Increase Frogs Increase

Which population has the least amount of combined energy? Alligators

Write the longest food chain from this food web. Butterfly Orchid  mosquito  carp  heron  alligator Butterfly Orchid  mosquito  frog  racoon  alligator

How does the gulf stream affect the weather off the coast of England? Keeps it at a steady warm temperature Brings humidity, clouds, precipitation.

What causes the currents in the northern hemisphere to spin in the clockwise direction? Coriolis Effect

How does the warm water from the equator get to the poles? Surface currents

How does the cold water from the poles get to the equator? Deep currents

Currents caused by warm air fluids rising & cool fluids falling Convection Currents

Why do San Diego & Dallas have such different weather patterns? San Diego is a maritime climate with a cool water current running by it which stabilizes its temperature & rainfall Dallas is a continental location without water nearby to regulate it’s temperatures. Summer brings warm, humid air from tropics. Winter cold, dry air from north.

Name all the processes in this picture that require energy to occur. Evaporation & transpiration

What are some causes for increased levels of CO 2 in the atmosphere? Burning anything –fossil fuels, trees, –transportation, factories....

What human activity contributes the greatest amount of carbon to the atmosphere? Burning Fossil Fuels (Transportation, Factories)

Nitrogen Fixation by bacteria or lightning What has to happen to the nitrogen from the air in order for plants to be able to use it? How does this happen?

Increases in Carbon Dioxide levels in the atmosphere cause what? Global Warming

What is the main cause of the tides? The gravitational pull of the moon

How long does it take to go from moon 1 back to moon 1? 28 days Label the phases of the moon.

What type of star is star C? White Dwarf

What do stars stars E & G have in common?? They are about the same temperature

What is the biggest known thing? The Universe

What evidence is there for the Big Bang Theory? Red shift of galaxies

Where are stars born? Nebula

What factor decides what will happen to a star at the end of its life cycle? Its Mass

What is the best unit for measuring distance in space? A light year

Mrs. Rauch planted 2 Amaryllis bulbs in identical containers. She put 1 in the window and the other in the shade. She gave them ¼ cup of water every other day Each week she measured the height of the plant. Type of light What was the independent variable?

Mrs. Rauch planted 2 Amaryllis bulbs in identical containers. She put 1 in the window and the other in the shade. She gave them ¼ cup of water every other day Each week she measured the height of the plant. Type of light What was the dependent variable?

The CDC tested the effectiveness of their swine flu vaccination. 99 people were tested & randomly split into 3 equal groups. 1 group was given a shot with the vaccine, a 2 nd group was given a nasal spray with the vaccine, and a 3 rd group was given a placebo (a shot without the vaccine). The group that received the placebo What was the control group?

What geological feature is seen in this picture? What caused it? What kind of boundary would it be found at? Normal Fault Tension Pulling it apart Divergent Boundary

What is this a picture of? What type of boundary is it found at? Sea Floor Spreading Divergent Boundary

Describe the process occurring in the mantle of the picture below. Convection Current Hot rises and cold falls

What type of rock are fossils likely to be found in? Sedimentary

What is the significance of finding similar fossils on different continents? Strong evidence that all continents were once together as one continent. What was the name of that super continent? Pangaea

What type of zone is this?

A B C Identify the type of rock likely to be found at each of the labeled locations below. A – Sedimentary B – Metamorphic C - Igneous

Classify this rock Sedimentary (Shale)

Classify this rock Metamorphic (Slate) (Metamorphosized from Shale)

Classify this rock. Metamorphic Rock (Gneiss)

Classify this rock. Sedimentary (Sandstone)

Classify this rock. Igneous (Granite) (Intrusive)

Classify this rock. Igneous (Obsidian) (Extrusive)

Classify this rock Igneous Pumice Extrusive

56 What is the average speed if it takes you 5 hours to drive 200 miles? 200mi / 5hrs =40 mi/hr

57 How fast would you have to go to go 500 miles in 10 hours? 500 mi / 10 hrs 50 mi/hr

Warm-Up Thurs 4/12/12 1.On a graph, the steeper the slope, the _______ the speed. 2. What does a flat, horizontal line mean on a distance vs. time graph? faster Stopped

Which of Newton’s Laws would best fit this situation? Max drops a ping pong ball on the table. The ping pong ball hits the table and then bounces back up. A.Law 1 - Inertia B.Law 2 – F=MA C.Law 3 – Action/Reaction

Which one of Newton’s Laws would best fit this situation? Alec pushes a 50 kg box across the floor with a force of 20 N. Later that day he pushes a 30 kg box with the same force. Because the second box is less massive, it will have a greater acceleration. A.Law 1 B.Law 2 C.Law 3

Which of the following is true about acceleration? A.Acceleration is speed in a given direction. B.Acceleration is a change in either speed or direction. C.Acceleration is distance travelled in a given amount of time. D.all of the above

A book sitting still on a table is exerting 10 N of force onto the table. According to Newton’s 3 rd Law, how much force will be exerted back onto the book? A.20 N B.0 N C.5 N D.10 N

Which of Newton’s Laws would best explain this scenario? Dude and Guy are dressed as giant sumo wrestlers and are running towards each other. Once they hit, they immediately bounce off each other. A.First Law B.Second Law C.Third Law

What is happening in this distance vs time graph? A. Hesoo moves at a constant speed B. Hesoo moves one direction and then speeds up in the opposite direction. C. Hesoo moves in one direction, remains at rest, and then moves in the opposite direction D. Hesoo has no acceleration

Which statement best summarizes the scientific concept shown in the cartoon? A.A falling body accelerates at a constant speed. B. The motion of an object is constantly changing due to magnetic forces. C. The force of friction causes an object in motion to move faster. D. A body in motion will remain in motion unless influenced by an outside force.

With what force does a 7 kg bowling ball with an acceleration of 4.0 m/s 2 strike the pins? A.28 N B.3 N C.1.75 N D.32 N

Andrew traveling south at 80 miles per hour is an example of: A.Speed B.Velocity C.Acceleration D.Friction

If all the forces acting on a moving object are balanced, then the object will: A. slow down and stop B. change the direction of its motion C. accelerate D. continue moving at a constant velocity

The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or of a stationary object to remain in place is called: A.Gravity B.Friction C.Inertia D.Force

A car traveling at 90 mph hits a brick wall. The person inside the car was not wearing a seat belt. The person will continue to move even though the car has stopped. This is best explained by: A.Newton’s First Law B.Newton’s Second Law C.Newton’s Third Law D.Gravity

What is the correct statement about the object represented by the graph? a.The object is speeding up. b.The object is slowing down. c.The object is moving at a constant speed. d.The object is changing direction.

Brian flicks a penny across the floor of his classroom. Newton’s law of Inertia says the penny will continue to move until acted on by an unbalanced force. What force is slowing the penny down? A.Friction B.Stretching Forces C.Gravity D.None. The forces are balanced

A bird is flying through the air. The wings of a bird push air downward. Because of Newton’s 3 rd Law, the air must also be: A.Pushing his wings downward B.Pushing the bird forward C.Pushing his wings at a constant speed D.Pushing his wings upward

A toy car travels 4 meters across the floor in 3.2 seconds. What is the speed of the car? Speed = Distance/Time A m/s B.1.25 m/s C.12.8 m/s D.0.3 m/s

If a force of 5 N is placed on an object with a mass of 2 kg, what would the object’s acceleration be? A.10 m/s 2 B.2.5 m/s 2 C.25 m/s 2 D.0.4 m/s 2

Clark rode his bicycle 24 meters to his friend’s house down the block. It took him 2 minutes to arrive at his friend’s house. What was Clark’s average speed? A.24 meters/minute B.12 meters/minute C.48 meters/minute D.2 meters/minute

Lunchbox rode his jet ski 50 meters south in 10 seconds, and then went east another 100 meters in the same amount of time. Which of the terms below can best be used to describe these changes? (You may use more than one) I. Speed II. Velocity III. Acceleration

Marissa’s family traveled 480 kilometers in six hours. At what point in the trip were they traveling the slowest? A.Between hour 0 and 1 B.Between hour 1 and 2 C.Between hour 3 and 4 D.Between hour 5 and 6

List as many things that the elements K, Ca, & Br have in common Same period, 4 energy levels

List as many things that the elements Ca, Be, & Ra have in common Same group/family, alkaline earth metals, 2 valence e -, +2 charge, metals, very reactive

What is the atomic number for chlorine? 17 How many neutrons? 18

Which subatomic particle(s) determine atomic mass? Protons + Neutrons

Which letter on the diagram below represents an electron? B

What element is represented by the diagram below? Magnesium

What does phosphorous do when it becomes an ion? It gains 3 electrons

How many energy levels does an atom of Phosphorous have? 3 (3 rd period)

Melting, evaporating, & dissolving are all examples of what? Physical changes

What is the only definite way to know that a chemical change has occurred? Atoms are rearranged to form a NEW SUBSTANCE with different chemical and physical properties Things to look for include: –Color change from within –Energy change from within –Formation of a gas (not due to evaporation)

2Mg 3 N 2 How many atoms of magnesium are present in the above chemical formula? 6

What are the products in this reaction? Li 3 N + Mg + energy Mg 3 N 2 + Li  Li 3 N + Mg + energy

Is this an endothermic or exothermic reaction? Exothermic Will it feel warm or cold? Warm Mg 3 N 2 + Li  Li 3 N + Mg + energy