Science Starter  10/13 What is one difference between a plant cell and an animal cell?  10/15 What is the “powerhouse” of the cell?

Looking Inside Cells Tiny structures called cell organelles carry out specific functions inside the cell.

Enter the Plant Cell  A plant’s cell wall helps to protect and support the cell.  The cell membrane controls what substances come into and out of a cell.  All cells have a cell membrane.

The Nucleus TTTThe nucleus is the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities. IIIInstructions that guide the cell’s activities are contained in the DNA. DDDDNA is found in the nucleus of the cell.

Organelles in the Cytoplasm TTTThe region between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called the cytoplasm. TTTThe cytoplasm is made of a clear, thick gel- like substance that is constantly moving. MMMMany cell organelles are found in the cytoplasm.

The Mitochondria  Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy that the cell can use to carry out its functions.  Site of cellular respiration

Endoplasmic Reticulum  The endoplasmic reticulum’s passageways carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.  Tube-like structures that serve as a track to carry stuff to the membrane and back.

Ribosomes  Ribosomes function as factories to produce proteins.

Golgi Bodies  The Golgi bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell.  The cell’s mailroom

Chloroplasts  Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.  The site of photosynthesis  Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green color.

Vacuoles  Vacuoles are the storage areas of the cell.  Most plant cells have one large vacuole.  Some animal cells do not have vacuoles, others do.

Lysosomes  Lysosomes are small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell.  They digest food and break down waste products.

Differences Between Plant Cells and Animal Cells  Plant cells have a cell wall.  Only plant cells contain chloroplasts.  Plant cells have one large vacuole. An animal cell can have several vacuoles and some animal cells do Not have any vacuoles.