Cairo, Egypt 25 – 26 October 2009 By: Dr. Abdel Kader Lashine Consultant - ARADO

تطور التجارة الخارجية العربية صادرات/واردات Development of Foreign Trade in The Arab World (Export/Import) Export Import

Export Import حصص أهم الشركاء التجاريين للدول العربية في عام 2007 (2007) EU USA Arab Countries Japan China Other Asians Other Countries Total Export Import Share of Foreign Traders With the Arab World

مساهمة صادرات بعض الدول العربية في إجمالي قيمة الصادرات العربية (2007) Share of Some Arab Countries in Arab Int. Export

الهيكل السلعي للتجارة الخارجية للدول العربية Components of Arab Foreign Trade واردات صادرات البند النسبة المئوية صادراتواردات وقود معدني مصنوعات آلات ومعدات نقل أغذية ومشروبات مواد خام منتجات كيماوية سلع أخرى المجموع

تطور قيمة التجارة العربية البينية ومساهمتها في إجمالي قيمة التجارة العربية البينية (2007) Development of Arab Bilateral Trade (Total Value – % of Int.-Trade) % $ B

Intra Regional Trade As a Share of Total Foreign Trade (2006) B – Arab Countries A (World Economic Groups)

نسبة قيمة التجارة المتبادلة بين دول مجلس التعاون من إجمالي تجارتها العربية البينية (2007) Bi-Lateral Trade of Gulf Countries As % of their Arab Bi-lateral Trade

الهيكل السلعي للتجارة العربية البينية Components of Arab Bi-lateral Trade (2007)

(باقي الدول العربية) االبحرين – تونس – الجزائر قطر – الكويت – لبنان – ليبيا ما بين 2.0% ، 3.0% المساهمة الرئيسية لبعض الدول العربية في الصادرات العربية البينية (2007) Share of Major Partners in Bi-lateral Arab Trade

مساهمة الواردات العربية البينية في إجمالي قيمة وارداتها من مختلف دول العالم (2007) Share of Bi-lateral Trade as % of Import Trade %

مساهمة الصادرات العربية البينية في إجمالي قيمة صادراتها من مختلف دول العالم (2007) Share of Bi-lateral Trade as % of Export Trade

اتجاهات التجارة البينية العربية تركز معظم التبادل التجاري البيني بشكل عام في دول عربية متجاورة قطر اتجاهات الصادرات البينية لبعض الدول العربية 62% إلى الإمارات تونس 51% ليبيا لبنان 22% البحرين 18% الإمارات 16% سوريه 14% السعودية 25% الإمارات Direction of Arab Bi-latered Trade ( A- Export) Qatar Tunis S.A. Lebanon UAE Libya Emirates Bahrain Emirates Syria S.A.

B-Import Oman 74% from UAE SA is main exporter to many Arab countries (in bi-lateral trade) الأردن62% سوريه29% مصر46% البحرين51% المغرب50% قطر45% الإمارات35% السودان34% اليمن21% Jordan Syria Egypt Bahrain Morocco Sudan Emirates Qatar Yemen

ARAB COUNTRIES AND INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT EACH COUNTRY AND/OR EMIRATE HAS ONE OR MORE SEA PORT (NO LAND LOCKED COUNTRIES) ALL COUNTRIES IN THE ARAB MASHREK AND/OR MAGHREB ARE CONNECTED THROUGH PAVED ROAD NETWORK BOTH ARAB MASHREK AND MAGHREB ARE INTERLINKED THROUGH LAND/SEA BRIDGES ONLY 11 ARAB COUNTRIES HAVE RAIL NETWORK RECENTLY ARAB SUMMIT HAS ENDORCED AN ACTION PLAN FOR ESTABLISHING AN INTEGRATED ARAB RAIL NETWORK.

X- Check Points At Some Arab Countries Country S.AJordanSyria Iraq Kuwait Egypt No. of Arab Neighboring Countries No. of X-B check points

MODAL SPLIT (S.A 2007) IMPORT By Weight By Value MODAL SPLIT FOR FOREING TRADE (BY WT.) Country JORDAN SYRIALEBANON OMAN IMPORT KUWAIT Sea Land Air Total

ANNUAL NO. OF TRUCKS AT CROSS BOARDER CHECK POINTS (TOTAL FOR YEAR 2007) (x 1000) Country * JORDAN ** S.A.** BAHRAIN IN OUT Total TUNIS *** SYRIA ( * 10% Int. Transit) Including Small Trucks) **) (*** 28.0% Int. Transit)

HIGHEST ANNUAL NO OF TRUCKS AT ONE X-BOARDER CHECK POINT IS AT AL-BATHA BETWEEN UAE & SA IN OUT TOTAL Average Daily 3740 Truck (IN/OUT)

Destination day N/A Muscat – Oman – Roui days N/A Salalah – Oman days Doha – Qatar days Bahrain days Kuwait days Riyadh days Dammam days Jeddah days N/A 2718 N/A Amman days N/A 3055 N/a Damascus days N/A 3182 N/A Beirut days N/A 2835 N/A Sanaa 3 Ton Pick up Dist 7 Ton Pick up 40ft Flat Trailer 40ft Box/100 T.km Trailer Transit Time Cost Speed OPERATING COST FOR FREIGHT ROAD TRANSPORT FROM DUBAI Cost : $/100 T.km Speed : km/hr

Average Speed and Cost Inversely Proportion With Distance And No. of Check Point Distance From Dubai Dist Speed Doha Damam BahrainRiyadhJeddahOmanDamascus

 In General Lowest Cost $ 2.0/100 T km) Dubai / Jeddah Distance :2285 km X-Boarder Check Points : 1 Highest Average Commercial Speed (19.0 km/hr) Freight Charges From Dubai Dubai / Bahrain Distance :1118 km X-Boarder Check Points : 2 Lowest Average Commercial Speed (11.0 km/hr) Highest Cost $ 4.1/100 T km)

Prevailing Freight Transport Fares in Jordan (To and From Amman) Transport Corridor Average Faire $/100 T km From Amman to Arab Countries From Some Arab Countries to Amman From Some European Countries to Amman From Aqaba to Amman $/100T km

Distance Speed Speed vs. Distance For Trucks Operating Between European Asia and Pacific (North Corridors) Km/hr

FACTORS AFFECTING ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT COST 1.DISTANCE (INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL) 2.NUMBER OF BOARDER CHECK POINTS 3.AVERAGE COMMERCIAL SPEED 4.TYPE OF GOODS 5.SEASONAL VARIATIONS 6.AVAILABILITY OF GOODS ON RETURN 7.LEVEL OF SERVICE

PROBLEMS FACING ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT INDUSTRIES IN ARAB WORLD 1.AGING OF FLEET 2.FRAGMENTATION OF INDUSTRY 3.EXCESS CAPACITY 4.SEVERE COPETETION 5.LACK OF PROFITABILITY 6.HARCHMENT OF ENFORCEMENT AT CROSS BOADER CHECK POINTS 7.LACK OF UNIFICATION OF MATTERS RELATED TO RULES AND REULATIONS COVERING SEVERAL ASPECTS OF THE INDUSTRY

RECOMMENDATIONS I.RESTRUCTURING OF ROAD FREIGHT INDUSTRIES Unification of Trucking Regulation Financial Incentives for Trucking Replacement Deregulation of Trucking Industries International and Regional Transport Agreement Motivations for Establishing New Schemes for Grouping Individual Operators Human Resources Development. Schemes at Company Managerial Levels Especially for IT Applicators

II.MODERNIZATION OF CUSTOMS AND RELATED SERVICES Greater coordination between Border Customs Agencies Greater Integration of Land Border Crossing Procedure Updating of Customs Data System to International Standards Common Standards for Favoured Trader Status Applications of TRADE FACILITATION Scenarios (especially in IT applicators)

III.INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT Upgrading of Roads along Diffferent North/South and East/West Corridors Unifications of Technical Engineering Standards Provision of Appropriate Type of Services Along These Corridors Introduction of Transport and Logistics Platforms to Serve Bi-Lateral and International Arab Trade