Bell work Take out a piece of paper. Write down my 3 classroom rules and 1 example of each. Put the following heading in the top right hand corner.  Name  Date  Period I will take these up as soon as I finish taking attendance.

SECTION 9.1 Life in Ancient Rome

Roman Art The Romans admired and studied the Greeks, so they copied many of their ideas. However, sometimes they did the opposite of what the Greeks did. Roman statues  Greek art made people look perfect  (young, healthy, beautiful)  Roman art made people look realistic  (included wrinkles and warts)

Roman Art Romans first people to invent and use concrete (mix of volcanic ash, lime, and water). When it dried it was hard as rock. The buildings were so sturdy that many still stand today. Roman architecture -Used the Greek styles with porches and columns, but added arches and domes. -Created the vault – curved ceiling, rows and of arches built against one another formed the vault.

Roman Literature Virgil – wrote the Aeneid, an epic poem describing the adventures of the Trojan prince Aeneas and how he came to Italy. Aeneas is the ideal Roman – brave, self- controlled, and loyal to the gods. Horace – wrote satires (works that poke fun at human weaknesses) and odes (poems that express strong emotions about life). Rome also had historians recording the events of their civilization. Livy wrote The History of Rome in 10BC. He describes Rome’s rise to power and celebrated the greatness of Rome.

Roman Science Romans learned from Greek science. Galen – a Greek doctor that brought many medical ideas to Rome. He emphasized the importance of anatomy (the study of body structure). To learn more about the body, cut open dead animals and wrote down his findings. Ptolemy – scientist of the Roman Empire in Egypt who studied the sky and mapped over 1000 different stars. He studied the motion of planets and stars and created rules explaining their movements. He was incorrect in putting the Earth at the center of the universe, but people followed and accepted his ideas for centuries.

Roman Engineering Roman engineers had a big task as well – to create a system of roads and bridges to connect the empire. They were well built and were important for travel and trade within the empire.

Roman Engineering Romans engineers supplied cities with freshwater by building aqueducts.  Long troughs supported by rows of arches that carried water over long distances.  There were once 11 great aqueducts that fed Rome’s homes, bathhouses, fountains, and public bathrooms. Roman cities also had sewers to remove waste. The Roman Colosseum is another example of engineering marvel. Found in your book on p. 305.

Daily Life in Rome The rich and poor had very different lives in Rome, as did men and women. Rome was one of the largest cities in the ancient world. Had over a million people by the time of Augustus. Forum – open space that served as a marketplace and public square City centered around the forum. Wealthy Romans had large comfortable homes with fine furniture and beautiful gardens. In the center was an inner court called an atrium. Sometimes they even had country homes called villas.

Daily Life in Rome The city of Rome was crowded, noisy, and dirty. Most people were poor. They lived in apartments made of stone and wood. High rent forced families to live in one room. The apartment buildings were not well built and were dangerous due to constant risk of fires. The Roman government provided free grain and shows to keep people from rioting so many people went to see the gladiator contests.

Daily life in Rome Gladiators – fought animals and each other. Most gladiators were enslaved people, criminals, or poor people. Gladiators were admired, much like sports heroes are today.

What Was Family Life Like? Family was important to the Romans and their families were large.  It included parents, children, married children and their families, other relatives, and enslaved servants. Father was the head of the family (paterfamilias). He had complete control over family members. He even arranged marriages.

Education Poor Romans couldn’t afford school, but wealthy Romans paid tutors to teach their young children at home. Older boys went to school to learn reading, writing, and rhetoric (public speaking). Older girls didn’t go to school, they stayed home and learned household duties. Between the age of 14-16, a Roman boy celebrated becoming a man. He would burn his toys as an offering to the gods and start working at his career. Girls didn’t become women until they were married.

Women in Rome Women in early Rome had little rights. The paterfamilias was to look after his wife and control her affairs, but he often sought her advice in private. Wealthy women had more independence. They could own land, run businesses, and sell property. They managed the household and had enslaved people to do the housework. They could go to the theater or the ampitheater. Women with less money had less freedom because most of their time was spent in their houses or helping their husbands in their family-run shops. They were allowed to leave home to shop, visit friends, worship at temples, or got the baths.

How did Romans treat enslaved people? Slavery was part of Roman life from early times. But as Rome took more and more land, the practice of slave labor grew. By 100 BC, 40% of the people in Italy were enslaved. They did a variety of jobs – worked in homes, fields, mines, workshops, built roads, bridges, and aqueducts. While some were even teachers, doctors, and artisans. Life for most slaves was miserable and they suffered severe punishments for poor work or running away.

Spartacus In 73 BC, a slave revolt broke out led by a gladiator named Spartacus. He led an army of 70,000 enslaved people who defeated several Roman armies. After two years the Romans finally crushed the rebellion. Spartacus and 6,000 of his followers were crucified on the cross.

Roman Religion The ancient Romans worshiped many gods and goddesses. They believed that spirits lived in natural things, such as trees and rivers. Greek gods and goddesses were popular in Rome, but they were given Roman names.

Roman Religion The Roman emperor was also worshiped which strengthened support for the government. To honor the gods and goddesses, they prayed and made offerings of food. Each Roman home had an altar for their household gods where the head of the family carried out these rituals. As the Roman empire grew larger, they came into contact with other religions. The other religions were allowed as long as they did not threaten the government. If they did, those religions faced hardships. One of those religions was the Christians.