 Photosynthesis  Aerobic respiration  Anaerobic respiration (fermentation)  Chloroplast  Mitochondria  Prokaryote  Organelle  Eukaryote  Autotroph  Heterotroph  ATP  Chlorophyll

 Why do we need energy?  Where does all the energy in the world come from?

Chapter 5, Section 1

 Autotroph  “Auto” = __________ Producers! Green plants and algae  Heterotroph  “Hetero” = __________  Consumers! 3 types of consumers: Herbivore  “Herb” = ________________ Omnivore  “Omni” = _________________ Carnivore  “Carne” = _________________

 The “food” plants make is a sugar called glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ).  Glucose stores energy in its chemical bonds  To release this energy the bonds must be broken

 PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Photo = _____________  Synthesis = _______________  Photosynthesis requires:  Light  Water  Carbon Dioxide  Makes OXYGEN AND GLUCOSE

 Photosynthesis occurs in green areas of plants  Organelles called chloroplasts are full of a pigment called chlorophyll  Chlorophyll is like a solar panel, it captures and stores energy from the sun

Think – pair - share:

 Chlorophylls: variety of pigments within the chloroplasts  In the fall when photosynthesis slows down plants lose their green color allowing expression of other chlorophylls  Pigments may be separated by chemical charges  This is called chromatography.

 Levels of C0 2 photosynthesis.  Levels of H 2 O photosynthesis.  Temperature from 0 C to 35 C photosynthesis. Over 35 C will the rate of photosynthesis.  Light intensity (brightness) photosynthesis until a certain light intensity is reached, after this intensity is reached there is no effect

 Be stored for later use as starch  Convert to ATP (energy)

AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (FERMENTATION)  Uses oxygen (O 2 ) to break down food  Releases 36 ATP  “an” = without  DOES NOT USE OXYGEN  Releases 2 ATP (energy)

WWITH OXYGEN!!! TThe end products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cell respiration WWhat were the products of photosynthesis? __________, _______________, ____________ GGlucose is combined with oxygen to form ATP WWaste products are CO 2 and H 2 O

 ATP (adenosine triphosphate) -- form of energy used by the cell  When ATP is hydrolyzed ( water is added), energy is released and ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is formed.  Breaking bonds releases energy! ATP + H 2 O  ADP + P + usable energy for life processes

 This energy can be used for:  Keeping a constant body temperature  Storage (ATP) - to be used later for things like growth  Respiration  Other life processes

In prokaryotes, it happens in the cell membranes Prokaryotes – some of the first life forms these organisms have no organelles! PRO = # 1! In eukaryotes, it happens mostly in the mitochondria

MITOCHONDRIA IS THE “POWERHOUSE” OF THE CELL!!! THINK OF IT AS THE MIGHTY MITOCHDONDRIA – THIS GUY NEEDS A LOT OF ENERGY TO STAY BIG!

ANAEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation  When cells don’t have enough oxygen  Another way to get ATP  Less efficient  Produces lactic acid  Makes your muscles sore!  Causes bread dough to rise  Used by yeast and a few other microorganisms  When yeast in dough runs out of oxygen it ferments giving off bubbles of CO2

HHappens when cells cannot get the oxygen they need for cellular respiration FFermentation is a way to get energy when oxygen isn’t available

 Did you notice that cellular respiration is just the opposite of photosynthesis?

1) Plants use carbon dioxide (____), water (____), and the sun’s energy to make food. 2) What type of cell has chloroplasts? 3) BOTH plants and animals must break down food in order to get ________from it. 4) How are respiration and photosynthesis related? 5) Fermentation is a way to get energy when ______ isn’t available.

In plants, chloroplasts capture energy from the sun in order to make food during photosynthesis Cells release energy from food through either cellular respiration of fermentation Why it matters: Understanding how plants & animals get energy to grow & develop is an important part of biology.