Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD 1 Project: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: Towards Ultra Low Power Sensor Networks Date Submitted: March 2012 Source Kiran Bynam, Shahriar Emami, Youngsoo Kim, Samsung; Chiu Ngo, Chunhui (Allan) Zhu, Samsung ; Liang Li, Vinno Technologies; Betty Zhao, Huawei, Ed Callaway, Sunrise Micro Devices, Myung; J. Lee, CUNY, Re: Abstract: Purpose:To request to establish a study group to investigate potential amendment to for Ultra low power applications Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD 2 Towards Ultra Low Power Sensor Networks March 2012

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD 3 Desirable Sensor Networks Attributes  Small node size  Power efficient nodes  High reliability  Use of globally available unlicensed band (such as 2.4 GHz)

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD 4 WSN Applications/Standards Typical Data Rate (kbps) Typical Range (m) Existing Standard(s) Healthcare / /BT LE Inventory Management1000 – BT/ /BT Home Automation250 – Industrial Automation1000 –  For different applications of wireless sensors, there exists some technology in place to achieve the purpose  Most of these applications are addressed by IEEE

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD 5 Power Analysis of Sensor Nodes  Power consuming elements in sensor nodes  Sensing  Actuation  Logging the data into memory  Communication  Clustering  Processing  Communication energy consumption is almost 50% of the overall sensor node power consumption [3]

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD 6 Power Consumption Figures for IEEE  The existing silicon for IEEE require mW in transmit or receiver modes. VendorChipsetRx PowerTx Power (0 dBm) Sleep Mode Power Vendor #1Chipset # V25.8 3V4 μW Vendor #2Chipset # V v4 μW Vendor #3Chipset # V15 3V4 μW

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD Power Consumption Long battery life and small form factor are vital for a number of applications. Analog RF front end consumes most of the power. Baseband requires far less. Questions: What are the RF architecture choices? Are there any difference among them in terms of power consumption? 7

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD RF Architecture Options Low IF Uncertain IF Sliding IF Super Regenerative Receiver 8

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD 9 Power Consumption RF Architecture Support for Modulation Rx Power Consumption Supply Voltage Low IF Coherent/ Non-coherent > = 30 mW [4]3 V Sliding IF Coherent/ Non-coherent 8.5 mW [7]1.2 V Super Regenerative RF Non-coherent2-3 mW [2]1.2 V Uncertain IFNon-coherent 52  W [1] 0.5 V

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD Summary The power consumption of various RF architectures are not the same. Some architectures have limitations on the modulation type. RF architectures that support non-coherent modulations are significantly more power efficient compared to the ones that support both modulation types. Air interface should be designed to enable ultra low power consumption front ends. 10

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD Will The Existing PHYs Work? Non-coherent modulation, for both payload and sync, can support ultra low power RF front ends Two PHY options defined in 2.4 GHz spectrum use coherent modulation which is not good for low power ASK PHY cannot be reused as is due to BPSK preamble and robustness issues 11

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD 12 IEEE PHY Type Supported Bands (MHz) Data Rate Preamble Modulation O-QPSK PHY 2450, 915, 868, 780 MHz 250 kbps for 2450, 915, 868 MHz bands and 100 kbps for 780 MHz band O-QPSK PHY BPSK PHY868, 915 and 950 MHz 20 kbps for 868/950 MHz and 40 kbps for 915 MHz band BPSK ASK PHY868,915 MHz band250 kbps in 868 MHzBPSK CSS PHY2450 MHz band1 Mbps /250 kbps optionalChirp modulation UWB PHY3.1 to 10.6 GHz100 kbps to 27 Mbps Ternary codes (OOK, Phase modulated) GFSK950 MHz100 kbpsGFSK New PHY2.4 GHz100 kbps - 1MbpsTBD

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD Proposed Changes to IEEE To add a new physical layer to IEEE for ultra low power (ULP) technologies in 2.4 GHz spectrum – This work will define a new 2.4 GHz PHY of IEEE – Necessary enhancements in MAC to support the new PHY 13

Mar 2012 doc.: IEEE wng0 SubmissionSamsung Electronics, Vinno Technologies, Huawei, CUNY, SMD 14 References [1] N. M. Pletcher, S. Gambini and J. Rabaey, “A 52 micro-W Wake-Up Receiver With -72 dBm Sensitivity Using an Uncertain-IF Architecture,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 1, Jan [2] F. X. Moncunill-Geniz, P. Palà-Schönwälder, and O. Mas-Casals, “A generic approach to the theory of superregenerative reception,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 54–70, Jan [3]. [4]. [5]. [6]. [7] N. Stanic, A. Balankutty, P. R. Kinget and Y. Tsivids,”A 2.4-GHz ISM-band sliding-IF receiver with a 0.5-V supply,” IEEE Journal of solid-state circuits, vol. 43, no. 5, May 2008.