Kingdoms and Taxonomy

Define multicellular: _____________________________ Important Vocabulary Made of many cells Everything that is big enough to see with the “naked eye” is multicellular!

Define unicellular: ____________________________ Made of one cell

Unicellular (or single celled) organisms can only be seen through a microscope!

Define prokaryotic: ___________________________ Does NOT have a nucleus Bacteria are all prokaryotes. They have a circular chromosome, but no nucleus!

Define eukaryotic: ____________________________ Has a nucleus Important Fact: All multicellular organisms are eukaryotic!

Define heterotrophic: _________________________ Eats things for nutrition Photo by Luca Galuzzi Most organisms are heterotrophic and eat things!

Define autotrophic: __________________ __________________ Makes its own food (photosynthesis) Plants are autotrophic because they perform photosynthesis. Algae is photosynthetic, but it’s a protist!

Characteristics of Kingdom Animalia (The Animal Kingdom): 1. Multicelluar or unicellular? ______________________ 2. Prokaryote or eukaryote? ________________________ 3. Heterotrophic or autotrophic? ____________________ What is the distinguishing characteristic of the animal kingdom? _______________________________________________ Animal Cell Multicellular Eukaryote Heterotrophic Animals are mobile (motile) and can move around.

Characteristics of Kingdom Plantae (The Plant Kingdom): 1. Multicelluar or unicellular? _____________________ 2. Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? ______________________ 3. Heterotrophic or autotrophic? ___________________ What is the distinguishing characteristic of the plant kingdom? _______________________________________________ Plant cells have three unique features: 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________ 3. __________________________________ Plant Cell Multicellular Eukaryote Autotrophic Plants can perform photosynthesis to make sugars. Chloroplasts for photosynthesis Large central vacuole Cell wall made of cellulose

Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi (The Fungus Kingdom): 1. Multicelluar or unicellular? _______________________ 2. Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? ________________________ 3. Heterotrophic or autotrophic? ____________________ What is an important fact about the fungus kingdom? _______________________________________________ Fungus cells have one unique feature: 1. __________________________________ Fungus Cell Multicellular Eukaryote Heterotrophic Fungi serve as plant decomposers. Cell wall made of chitin

Characteristics of Kingdom Protista (The Protist Kingdom): 1. Multicelluar or unicellular? ______________________ 2. Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? ________________________ 3. Heterotrophic or autotrophic? ____________________ What do many protest cells have that allow them to move? _______________________________________________ What makes multicellular protists unique? ________________________________________________ Unicellular or Multicellular Eukaryote Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Cilia or flagella make protists motile. They lack specialized tissues like roots or leaves. CiliaFlagella

Characteristics of Kingdom Eubacteria (The Bacterial Kingdom): 1. Multicelluar or unicellular? ______________________ 2. Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? _______________________ 3. Heterotrophic or autotrophic? ____________________ What do many bacterial cells have that allow them to move? _______________________________________________ Bacterial cells have two unique features: 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________ Unicellular Prokaryote Heterotrophic Cilia or flagella allow them to move. Circular chromosome of DNA Cell wall made of peptidoglycan

Characteristics of Kingdom Archaea (The Archaea Kingdom): 1. Multicelluar or unicellular? ________________________ 2. Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? ________________________ 3. Heterotrophic or autotrophic? ____________________ What kingdom are members of archaea very similar to? ________________________________________________ What unique places might members of kingdom archaea be found? ________________________________________________ Unicellular Prokaryote Heterotrophic The kingdom eubacteria Very extreme environments (hot springs, salt lakes, etc.)

The _____________ of organisms does not end with placing them into kingdoms. They are placed into ___________ and __________ groups based on their differences. Humans are in the same kingdom as jellyfish because you are both animals, but you are in a different _________ because you have a backbone and they do not. You are in the same phylum as birds, but you are in a different ________ because for one, you have ______ while birds have _________. These separations continue through the divisions of _______, _______, and ________. The final name given, called the ______________ is unique to a single _______. classification domainskingdoms phylum class hairfeathers orderfamilygenus specific epithet species

The more divisions that two organisms share, the more closely related they are to one another. The most closely related organisms are in the same genus. Genus is the most specific category that contains more than organism.

Deciding which two organisms are most closely related is clear when you look at their _______________. The scientific name of an organism is written by giving the ________ and __________ of the organism. Since very closely related organisms are in the same _________, they will have the same “first name”. scientific name genusspecies genus

Scientific names are very important since the __________ names of some organisms are misleading. Most common names were given to animals long ago, and they were not based on any __________ reasoning. There are even some organisms which are very different and live in different parts of the world, yet they have the same __________ name. Any confusion is cleared up by looking at their very different _________ names. common scientific common scientific Ignore the common names.