VA and US History The Collapse of Communism and the End of the Cold War Lecture Notes: Unit 8 Lesson 5 Standard VUS.13c,d.

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VA and US History The Collapse of Communism and the End of the Cold War Lecture Notes: Unit 8 Lesson 5 Standard VUS.13c,d

Bell Ringer Would you rather live in a Capitalist or a Communist system…why?

Key Points American Cold War Military Efforts Failures of Communism The Fall of the Berlin Wall The end of the Soviet Union

Kennedy Takes Office In President John Kennedy’s inaugural address, he pledged that the United States would “pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.”

What does Kennedy mean by Liberty? Freedom to Vote? Or Freedom to Profit?

What were we really focused on spreading around the world?

Quote of the Day “During the Cold War era, millions of Americans served in the military, defending freedom in wars and conflicts that were not always popular. Many were killed or wounded. As a result of their service, the United States and American ideals of democracy and freedom ultimately prevailed in the Cold War struggle with Soviet communism.” --Virginia SOLs

American Cold-War Military Millions of Americans have served in:  The Vietnam War  The Afghan War  U.S.-backed military coups against governments in: Iran (1953) Guatemala (1954) Chile (1973)  And civil wars in countries such as: Angola (1970s) El Salvador (1980s) Nicaragua (1980s)

Soviets breath a sigh of relief… Stalin (brutal dictator) dies in 1953 Khrushchev is his replacement

Problem #1 - Wages To make the people happy…Khrushchev raises wages.

Problem #2 - Scarcity

Problem #3 - Motivation Motivation in Capitalism? Motivation in Communism? Which is stronger?

Problem #4 – Military Spending

Problem #5 - Afghanistan – 1979 to 1988

Moral Propaganda The use of the phrase "evil empire" by Reagan and U.S. conservatives was intentionally designed to introduce a moral divide to the Cold War, depicting the Soviet Union and its allies as acting in ways that were evil and undermined conventional moral ethos.

Problem #6 - Nationalism in Warsaw Pact Countries

Brezhnev Doctrine of the 1970s: "When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it becomes not only a problem of the country concerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries."

The Sinatra Doctrine of the 1980s Mikhail Gorbachev used jokingly to describe its policy of allowing neighboring Warsaw Pact nations to determine their own internal affairs. The name alluded to the Frank Sinatra song "My Way" --- the Soviet Union was allowing these nations to go their own way.

1989

Role of President Reagan TXMgF8&NR=1 TXMgF8&NR=1

Gorbachev Allows the satellite states to leave the Union Keeps fewer secrets from the Russian people (glasnost) Allows private businesses back into the Union (perestroika) Negotiates with Reagan to take down the “iron curtain”

Independent Nations

Activity Gump