Becoming a World Power By M.J. Brestle BNMS

I. Reasons for American Expansion A. Roots Manifest Destiny = (def.) 2. European practice of Imperialism/Colonialism (def.)= 3. George Washington’s view? US idea to expand from sea to sea -took lands from American Indians, Spanish, English, French one people ruling or controlling others/ to build an empire. Where? Avoid foreign involvement, America’s too young and weak to fight wars.

B. Attitudes that changed in the late 1800’s 1. Nationalism (def.)- 2. New Ideas a. ‘Darwinism’ (def)– b. ‘Social Darwinism’ (def)- 3. Economics love for and loyalty for one’s country. When start? theory of evolution based on ‘survival of the fittest’ ‘survival of the fittest’ applied to governments, business, people, How so? need for foreign markets Why?

3. Economics Why a need for foreign markets? 1898 US exported more than imported for the first time farmers increase supply of crops –new techniques and equipment More supply requires more demand or… New demand = =foreign markets

II. Seward and Expansion Seward ordered Navy to occupy Midway Islands Why? Used as a coaling/refueling station for ships crossing Pacific Seward purchased Alaska from Russia “Seward’s Folly” Not- Why? Gold was discovered in the south Gold found in Nome, Alaska, Gold in Fairbanks

Other resources in Alaska timber, minerals, coal, oil & nature (Becomes a state in __)

III. Annexation of Hawaii Who: Christian missionaries –early 1800’s - Wealthy sugar and pineapple planters –dominated Hawaii’s government - Queen Liliuokalani became queen in 1891 wanted to return power to the people. - Planters appeal to US government – President Harrison (wanted a closer link in the chain of refueling stops on the way to Asia)

B. Results: 1893 Small group of Marines help overthrow Queen L. Stanford Dole (wealthy planter) becomes President Treaty not confirmed by Senate nor new President Grover Cleveland Hawaii not annexed until 1898 during Spanish-American War (Becomes a state in 1959 )

Section 2 The Spanish –American War I. Rebellion against Spain How did people get the news in 1890’s? A. Background - Spanish Empire was __________ - People in _______, ______ _____ and _______________ burst into revolt Newspapers Crumbling Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines

B. Why does the United States get involved? 1. Trade between the US and Cuba ______. 2. Spanish General _______ ___ treatment of rebels-led by ________ _______ 3. Yellow Journalism (def).Yellow Journalism (def). Hearst “ you supply the _______, I’ll supply the ___” 4. Monroe Doctrine (def.) Drops Weyler’s harsh Jose Marti Journalism that exaggerates events to attract readers Pictures… war 1823 warning by Pres. Monroe against European colonization in Americas

II. America Goes to War A. Pres. McKinley does not want war-Why? (2 reasons) War would hurt America’s business interest. He served in Antietam during Civil War-did not want people to die.

B. McKinley takes action. Why? Public pressure demanded he take action so he sends the USS Maine to Cuba to protect US citizens. Feb, 1898 USS Maine explodes in Havana Harbor, Cuba -260 of 350 killed, reason=? Yellow Journalism April 20, 1898 US Resolution –declares Cuba independent –Spanish-Spanish- American War began (Teller Amendment- guarantees Cuba’s independence after the war. Spanish-American War -Chronology

Foreign Policies of the Early 1900’s John Hay –Secretary of State – 1899 Open Door Policy in China Opens up ‘spheres of influence’ to where trading is open/equal to all nations Empress Tsu Hsi did not want foreigners in China ‘Boxers’ were Chinese who resent foreign influence- attack & kill hundreds called ‘Boxer rebellion’ in June 1900 US & European troops kill thousands and crush/end rebellion to preserve China’s rights and control over it’s land

“Big Big Stick DiplomacyDiplomacy” Theodore Roosevelt- Republican “Big Stick Diplomacy” 1904 Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (adds the use of force ) “ speak softly and carry a big stick” and you will go far. – African proverb Protects and controls economic problems in the western hemisphere. The US will use it’s military to influence other nations

“Big Stick Diplomacy” Dominican Republic – 1905 Marines sent to take charge of financial affairs. Cuba Marines sent to prevent revolution. Panama Marines support a revolt of people on isthmus to gain independence from Colombia. Panama- Rates Canal completed in 1914 Cost: $____ million & _____ die. Canal $ Picture from website- better quality Picture

“Dollar Diplomacy” William H. Taft--Republican “Dollar Diplomacy” United States uses money and investments to influence other nations. Government urges Amer. businesses to invest in Latin America

“Dollar Diplomacy” Nicaragua Marines sent to restore order & protect US business China-1909 Taft tries to buy railroad in Manchuria and give to China Honduras

‘Isolationism’- Moral Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson -Democrat Ideally: ‘Isolationism’-(def.) to keep out of world affairs Reality: Tried to keep out of World Affairs. However… Sent more troops than all 3 prior Presidents

‘Isolationism’ Sends troops to: Mexico to chase rebel Pancho Villa who killed 35 Americans. Haiti – 1915 financial supervision Europe to fight in World War I over 1.2 million soldiers served

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