Presented to 2007 National Hydrogen Conference San Antonio, Texas Presented By W. J. Quapp, PE Integrated Environmental Technologies, LLC A Demonstration of Distributed Hydrogen Production Using IET’s PEM™ and Air Products’ PRISM™ H 2 PSA System

Outline of Presentation Objectives of Demonstration Brief Technology Overview Test Conduct and Results Projected Hydrogen Cost from Large Scale Gasification of Municipal Solid Wastes Parametric Production Cost Analysis Observations and Conclusions

Integrated Environmental Technologies Founded in 1995, located in Richland, WA PEM concept builds on $300 million dollar DOE sponsored research conducted at Battelle PNNL and MIT Exclusive license for PEM TM gasification technology Delivered and installed six commercial PEM TM systems Joint marketing agreements with Kawasaki Heavy Industries & Hitachi (Japan) and Ansaldo (Italy)

Objective of Demonstration Demonstrate the hydrogen production from syngas produced by the IET Plasma gasification system using the Air Products Prism H 2 PSA –Establish syngas purity –Establish hydrogen purity –Establish hydrogen recovery

How Does the PEM TM Gasification Process Work? Organic material converted into syngas C + H 2 O (steam)  CO + H 2 (at high temp) Syngas is mostly H 2 and CO (>75%) Syngas cleaned of impurities (particulate and acid gases) and processed through PSA –No shift reactor used in this demonstration

What Materials Can Be Used for the Carbon Source? Effectively, any organic material including biomass, municipal waste, medical wastes, organic hazardous waste, tires, refinery residues, etc.

Wastes essentially reduced to “nothing” 1 Ton =182 Cu Ft 2 Cu Ft Recycled

Photograph of Demonstration Gasification System IET Engineering Laboratory, Richland, WA

Process Flow Diagram

Air Products PSA and Syngas Compressor

What are the Unique Benefits of the IET’s Plasma Gasification Process PEM TM “cleans” the syngas by destroying the organics at very high temperature System is tolerant of ash residue Ash or inorganic material becomes a stable, leach- resistant glass product – useful as a construction material.

The IET Plasma Heat Source Graphite Electrodes Power Supply Very High Temperature Region

Schematic of Plasma Vessel and Feed Systems

Processing Waste PEM TM System

Five Tests Were Conducted Feed material for four tests was diesel fuel Fifth test was a combination ground carpet and solvent Syngas samples and hydrogen samples taken for most tests

Syngas Samples Were Collected and Analyzed by Air Products Lab Feed Material Diesel Carpet Solvent Test Segment/Sample Number 1/12/33/55/7 Det Limit N O CO CO H Arnd 0.05 CH C2H C2H Numbers are vol%. No syngas data taken from Test Segment 4

Test Segment Feed MaterialDiesel Carpet/ Solvent Syngas to PSA - Calculated (scfm) H 2 in Syngas (vol%) a 43.7 H 2 to PSA (scfm) H 2 Production Rate (scfm) H 2 Product Purityn.a H 2 in Product (scfm)n.a H 2 Recovery - Measured (%)n.a H 2 Recovery - Projected (%) b Notes: a)H 2 in syngas for test segment 4 is taken from the NOVA reading; no sample was taken b)H 2 purity for projected recovery is assumed to be 99.9% Hydrogen Recovery from Syngas

Demonstration Showed the Capability of the Prism System Using IET Syngas First of its kind test was very successful in spite of experimental some problems with the H 2 gas sampling process High purity hydrogen produced Recovery fraction was 60% to 70%

How Much Hydrogen Will a Full Scale MSW Processing Plant Make? Plant Size – 125 ton/day –Equates to a community of about 50,000 people Feed mixture RDF(88%) + tires (12%) Thermal power – Syngas with 17.7 MW chemical energy Hydrogen w/shift reactor – 2.7 million kg/y or 30.1 million m 3 85% online time Other higher energy feed material sources are being investigated

How Does the Production Cost Compare to DOE Cost Goals? “The new hydrogen cost goal of $ /gge (delivered, untaxed, 2005$, by 2015) is independent of the pathway used to produce and deliver hydrogen. “ DOE Web Site By 2012, reduce the cost of distributed production of hydrogen from distributed electrolysis to $3.70 per gasoline gallon equivalent (gge) at the pump (delivered). By 2017, reduce the cost of distributed production of hydrogen from distributed electrolysis to < $3.00/gge (delivered) at the pump. By 2012, reduce the cost of central production of hydrogen from wind electrolysis to $3.10/gge at plant gate ($4.80/gge delivered). By 2017, reduce the cost of central production of hydrogen from wind electrolysis to < $2.00/gge at plant gate (<$3.000/gge delivered). DOE Current RFP

Parametric Cost Assessment Considers capital, operating, natural gas, waste tipping fee, etc. Hydrogen Compression -- $0.22/kg H 2 cost range –All parameters maximum -- $1.70/kg –All parameters minimum -- $0.80/kg Reasonable profit can be added and still be more than competitive to DOE goals

Production Cost Sensitivity

Conclusions Distributed hydrogen can be produced from waste materials – a renewable resource Waste tipping fee offsets production costs Hydrogen potential from waste is immense: –EPA MSW  17.1 billion kg/y w/o recycling –EPA MSW  11.6 billion kg/y w/ recycling Many other waste sources and biomass supplies available Projected cost is lower than the DOE performance goal NOW! Helps communities solve another problem – overfilled landfills Reduces greenhouse gas emissions from landfills

IET FACILITIES – First Model G200 Prototype Used for EvTEC Test Program

PEM Overview Model G100 Medical Waste Treatment Facility in Hawaii

Model G200 for Nuclear Waste Destruction in Washington State

Model G300 for Electronic Waste in Japan

Fuji Kaihatsu PEM TM, Japan Model G300 for Electronic Waste in Japan

Model G100 for PCB and Asbestos Destruction in Japan

Model G100 for Medical Waste Processing in Taiwan

Extensive Environmental Testing PEM TM with similar syngas cleaning system extensively tested for emissions –EPA Environmental Technology Evaluation Center on hazardous, electronic and medical waste –Kawasaki Heavy Industries for Japanese certification on PCB waste –IET mercury capture testing demonstration Data Available at:

The End Question and Answer Period