9.1 The Cell

Structure = Function Structure is the size and shape of the cell. Function is the job of the cell example: blood cells are disc shaped to pass easily through blood vessels nerve cells send signals throughout the body

Two types of cells prokaryotic small simple (only a few organelles) no nucleus, genetic information floats freely eukaryotic larger complex (many organelles with unique functions) nucleus YOU are YOUkaryotic

Cell Movement and Structure

Cell Appendages located on the outside of the cell and used for movement flagella long, tail-like appendages made of protein whip back and forth to move the cell Hint : flagella is like a flag moving in the wind cilia short, hair-like structures made of protein move a cell or move molecules away from the cell Hint: cilia are silly

Cytoplasm fluid (jelly-like) substance inside a cell composed of water, salts, and other molecules organelles float within the cytoplasm Cytoskeleton framework of cell that gives it its shape network of threads made of protein

Cell Membrane flexible outer covering made of proteins protects inside of cell from outside environment allows some substances to pass through Hint: like a coffee filter cell membrane →

9.1 Vocabulary Cell membrane Cytoplasm mitochondria Cytoskeleton ATP Organelles golgi apparatus Nucleus vescicles Lysosomes vacuoles Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus Largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell Surrounded by a two membrane nuclear envelope Brain of the cell, directs cell activities Contains the nucleic acids DNA and RNA

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which contain a person’s genetic information. These instructions are used by the cell to pass on characteristics from parent to offspring. RNA (ribonucleic acid) which produce ribosomes

Ribosomes Small structures that make proteins Some attached to the rough ER Others float freely in the cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum Web-like organelle that spreads from the nucleus throughout the cytoplasm and is the site for ribosomes to attach.

Mitochondria releases energy stored in high-energy molecules (ATP) through chemical reactions ATP is the fuel for cellular processes such as growth, cell division, and material transport. ATP (adenosi ne triphosp hate) is the fuel for cellular processe s such as growth, cell division, and material transport.

there can be hundreds in a eukaryotic cell depending on the function of the cell. ex. a muscle cell requires more energy than a skin cell. Hint: You need a lot of energy to have “mighty” muscles

Golgi Apparatus Receives proteins from ER Prepares proteins for their specific jobs Packages proteins into tiny ball-like structures known as vesicles Hint: same job as a Post Office

Vesicles Organelles that transport substances from one area of a cell to another. Hint: “Vesicles” have the same job as “vehicles”

Lysosomes Contain substances that help break down and recycle cellular components Hint: Lysol spray cleaner

Vacuoles organelles that store food, water, and waste material Hint: refrigerator or vacuum cleaner