Device to Improve Diagnostic Yield of Fine Needle Aspiration Client: Dr. Frederick Kelcz Advisor: Professor Naomi Chesler Team Members: Jason Tham Chou Mai Robyn Hrobsky Aaron Freis

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy method Performed in: Lymph Nodes Neck Cysts Thyroid Gland Breast Tissue Types of Samples: Malignant Benign Test Inconclusive

FNA Procedure Small needle inserted into tissue mass Mass isolated by hand Needle moved in and out Sample examined for abnormal cells Multiple procedure passes typical

Problem Statement Improve FNA procedure: Devise: Test on: Single timely procedure Maximize sample yield Devise: Automated needle oscillation device Automated vacuum mechanism Test on: Phantom tissue Human tissue in clinical setting

Design Constraints Test Variables Performance Requirements Needle oscillation frequency (0 – 10 Hz) Needle stroke length (5 – 20 mm) Performance Requirements Reusable and repeatable Easily sanitized between procedures Handheld size Safety Standards

Previous Achievement Motor-wheel model Vacuum by hand Yielded sample size of 0.63mm3 Maximum Frequency: 7Hz

Prototype Complications Gear grinding Difficulty adjusting stroke depth Inertial vibration Poor repeatability

Design 1: Improved Motor and Wheel Improve alignment of mechanical components Implement ABS plastic encasement Implement Delrin plastic bearings

Design 1: Pro’s and Con’s Common components Internal power source Never been patented Con’s Force inconsistency Vibration Motion not entirely linear

Design 2: Pneumatic Device Pneumatic Implementation Control Components Gas Pressure (0-30 PSI) Signal Control Flow Signal Signal Pneumatic Valves Op Amp Dell Latitude Flow -Valve Control VI Software -LabJack Interface -Signal Amp or Mosfet / Relay Device Actuator

Design 2: Pro’s and Con’s Frequency is exact Needle stroke easily adjusted Ergonomics, acoustics and fluidity Consistent needle force Cons Tubes and cords Limited to square wave drive

Design 3:Conceptual Designs Sonic Scaler Dentistry Air-powered Vibration at 6000 Hz Vibration Motor Linear force ≈ .46 - .80 N Weight less than a gram Radius ≈ 4 mm Vibration motors

Improved Motor and Wheel Design Matrix Feature (possible points) Improved Motor and Wheel Pneumatic Safety (Essential) Yes Ergonomics (10) 2 7 Durability (10) 5 Repeatability (22) 14 17 Frequency Adjustability (22) 16 20 Stroke Adjustability (22) 10 15 Patient Comfort (10) 6 Cost (4) 4 TOTAL (100) 56 76

Competition Cameco Syringe Pistol Tao Aspirator Close hand-to-needle distance Automatic plunger withdrawal No drive mechanism

Future Work Construct pneumatic prototype Test on animal and human tissues Clinical trial Develop automated vacuum system Research conceptual improvements Patent design ideas

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