By Chaitanya Sarma & E.Prashant 4G TECHNOLOGY By Chaitanya Sarma & E.Prashant

Table Of Contents Introduction to 4G. Requirements for 4G. The Pre-4G Technologies. 1G 2G 3G 4G Predecessors & discontinued candidate systems. IEEE 802.16m or Wireless MAN advanced. Cellular broadband networks. 4G Technology. Conclusion.

Introduction Basically the extension of 3G with more bandwidth and services Provides fastest speed, data transfer rate upto 100 mbps – 1Gbps The technologies that fall in the 4G categories are UMTS, OFDM, SDR, TD-SCDMA, MIMO, WiMAX Will harmonise global roaming , super connectivity and transparent end user performance on every mobile

Requirements for 4G Based on an all-IP switched network. Peak data rates according to the ITU requirements. Dynamic share and use of network resources to support more simultaneous users per cell. Scalable channel bandwidth 5 -20 MHz, optionally upto 40 MHz. Peak link spectral efficiency. System spectral efficiency. LTE Advanced standardized by the 3GPP 802.16m standardized by the IEEE (i.e., WiMAX).

The Pre ‘4G’ Technologies 1G First Generation Analog System was developed in the seventies had two major improvements * The invention of the microprocessor * The digital transformation of the control link between the phone and the cell site. Used TDMA and FDMA Continuous in amplitude and time Variations in the signal – disrupts over longer distances Simplest type of wireless data

Disadvantages of 1G : TDMA less efficient in handling high data rate channels as it requires large guard periods to alleviate the multipath impact. FDMA consumed more bandwidth to avoid inter carrier interference

2G Second Generation appeared in 1980. Digitized the voice signal as well as the control link. Lower cost, Better Quality and more capacity. The first commercial network based on TDMA. Radio signals that require less battery power. CODEC Introduction.

Disadvantages of 2G CDMA increased the system capacity but denied service to clients and network overloads. This led to the beginning of 3G

3G CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access Form of Multiplexing Does not divide up the channel by time or frequency Encodes data with a special code associated with each channel

Disadvantages of 3G Suffers from poor spectral flexibility and computationally intensive time domain equalization for whiteband channels. This led to the beginning of 4G

& discontinued candidate systems 4G Predecessors & discontinued candidate systems 3 GPP Long Term Evolutions (LTE) Net bit rate =100 Mbit/s in the downlink and 50 Mbit/s in the uplink. Does not fully comply with IMT advanced requirements Three publicly available LTE services in the US are provided by :- a)MetroPCS. b)Verizon Wireless. c)AT&T.

IEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced The IEEE 802.16m evolution of 802.16e is under development, with the objective to fulfill the IMT-Advanced criteria of 1Gbit/s for stationary reception and 100 Mbit/s for mobile reception.

Cellular Broadband Networks WiMAX 128 mbps downloading and 56 mbps uploading . OFDMA used for downlink, IFDMA used for uplink. IFDMA- less power fluctuation and avoids amplifier issues. LTE 100 mbps downloading and 50 mbps uploading.

4G Technology 4G is a multi purpose and versatile technology It can use both OFDM and OFDMA. It is capable of using multiple input/ multiple output technology (MIMO). UMTS transfers data in the form of frames or packets. It is capable of carrying voice, video, text and other types of multimedia datagram with speed of 2MB.

4G is being developed to accommodate quality service (QoS) 4G is being developed to accommodate quality service (QoS)., mobile broadband access, MMS , video chat, mobile tv and also HD tv. It may allow roaming with wireless local area networks and may interact with digital video broadcasting systems. Key features :- i) High usability. ii) Support for MMS at low transmission cost . iii)Personalization. iv)Integrated services.

3G and 4G Capabilities and Features

Conclusion The 4G Technology will be able to support interactive services like video conferencing, wireless internet etc. Bandwidth would be much wider (100MHz) and data would be transferred at higher rates. The cost of data transfer rate would be comparatively very less The antennas will be much smarter and improved access technologies like OFDM and MC-CDMA(Multi Carrier CDMA) will be used. Security features will be much better .

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