From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting EEDAL’15 Lucerne, Switzerland Simona D’Oca Valentina Fabi Verena Marie Barthelmes Stefano Corgnati DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group RESIDENTIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMERS - DEMAND RESPONSE BACKGROUND

External climate Building envelope Building systems Occupation and maintenance Occupant behaviour Indoor comfort Economical/ Social aspects | REAL USES| Crucial aspects influencing real energy consumption in buildings | BUILDING PERFORMACE | ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

Weakness in replicating dynamics governing real uses in buildings 40% Building sector Energy consumption in Europe 40% Building sector Energy consumption in Europe Salubrtity Comfort level Energy consumption ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: occupant behaviour 3 times Energy consumption may vary up to 150% Monitoring of 290 [identical] dwellings in Denmark 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

efficiency time Technical limitations White goods Occupant behaviour White goods reached asymptote in energy efficiency Occupant behaviour is new driver for the enhancement of energy efficiency at home ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: persuasive communication Effect of awareness campaing and smart monitoring on energy consumption -15%* *mean value accordingly to literature studies 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: demand response program 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group Flexibility Prioritize RES integration User needs Market constraints even small consumption reductions of the single domestic electricity consumer i.e. - 5% might result in significant cutbacks in terms of electricity prices. -50%* *mean value accordingly to literature studies Grid integration Solar PV intermittency Electricity markets Smart home Real time monitoring Energy efficient RE On-site generation Smart consumer Energy awareness

1. SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER 2. DEMAND RESPONSE SIMULATION ANALYSIS METHODS 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

THE BIG QUESTION “how about the amount of energy we consume in our homes?” 1. SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

9 Improve occupant behaviour by means a raise in awareness in energy consumption at home. Usage of real-time monitoring systems and persuasive communication campaigns. THE ANSWER Tiziana Buso, Simona D’Oca, Theodora Karagiannidou SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

 Monitoring typical energy consumption at home  Real time visualisation of electrical loads  Predicting future energy consumption, based on typical pattern of usage of appliances and white goods  Compairing domestic energy consumption to similar user type (familty type) to induce and stimulate users into social-economical competition towards “energy-savings” profiles. 1. SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

1. Define user type 2. Real-time monitoring of electricty consumption 3. Compairing energy consumption of similar family type 1. SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

1 - House type/organisation - Type of equipments/white goods - Household composition Clustering of similar family profiles User Profiling Interview web-questionnaire 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

2 Smart Monitoring - smart meter (Enel) - smart appliance (washing machine Indesit) - smart plug (dishwasher, TV, refrigerator) 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

4- tailored feedback 1- real-time monitoring of electricity consumption in 31 trial homes 2- real-time visualisation of energy load profiles (hourly, daily, weekly based) 3- idetification of KPIs KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 3 Persuasive Communication Energetic Feedback 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

1. SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER RESULTS 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER Data Analysis 1.Definition of average daily electrical pattern load for each trial-user For each of the household-family- type monitored trialists, an average 24 hour pattern load indentifying household typical behaviour regarding global electric consumption (smart meter) was created 2.Family type profiling Daily mean electric consumption for family type were created. Typical electrical consumption corresponds to the daily average load curve of families having same composition 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

3. Behavioural pattern profiling Creation of average load profiles here named Predicted Mean Consumption (PMC) for electricity consumption. For every family type, threshold values were settled around the average Predicted Mean Consumption (PMC), based on different behavioural pattern ranging from “energy saver”, “on the average”, up to “energy intensive” for that specific family type. Not a singular value, but a range of positive and negative values around the average were consider as acceptable for a predictable family type consumption. Specifically, a Buffer Acceptability Range (BAR) composed by three bands was created. SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER Data Analysis 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

4. Comparison of daily pattern loads to PMC Predicted Mean Consumption was used as self reference value (horizontal benchmark) for the average electricity consumption of each specific family type. Daily average pattern loads of trialists were compared to the PMC of their belonging family type, 5. Evaluation of percentage of time in a BAR By comparing daily pattern loads of singular trialists with PMC of the belonging family type, it became possible to highlight for how many hours during weekdays and weekend the electric consumption of each trialist was targeted as “energy saver”, “on the average”, up to “energy intensive”, SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER Data Analysis 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER Data Analysis 6. Target of energy profiles the users’ energy profile was targeted as “energy saver”, “average”, up to “energy intensive”, both for general electricity consumption and electrical appliances during weekdays and weekend 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER Data Analysis 7. Tailored feedback: Persuasive communication of the «energy-saving race». Comparison of mean daily electricity load curves from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period was performed for each of the family type clusters.. 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

SMART HOME - SMART CONSUMER Data Analysis BEST PRACTICE: A trialist reduced energy consumption up to 57% Trialists reduced energy consumption On the average 18% 33% Trialists not reduced energy consumption 73% Trialists reduced Energy consumption 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

2. DEMAND RESPONSE PROGRAMS RESULTS 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group DEMAND RESPONSE Dynamic building energy model electricity usage reduction for heating and cooling 1°C indoor temperature drop during peak hours 40 minutes in Turin 50 minutes in Rome, Palermo

8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group DEMAND RESPONSE Dynamic building energy model Decisional schema to match household clusters’ occupancy, habits, needs and routine with electricity market constrains. Shift of the heat pump usage from critical peak hours to off-peak periods, No loss in terms of user comfort

Conclusions Avoid energy consumption wastes Little changes in domestic consumer behaviour (habits/needs) No loss in terms of comfort Increase integration of RES at residential level Reduce energy consumption (non-peak hour consumption shift) Boost competitiveness of electicty markets Low capital investment VS High potential of applicability Energy related behaviour VS social-economical sphere 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting - EEDAL’15 - Lucerne, Switzerland From consumer smart monitoring to demand response in the domestic sector: Italian case studies S. D’Oca et al., DENER – Department of ENERgy - TEBE Research Group

Thanks for the attention questions? 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting EEDAL’15 Lucerne, Switzerland