Dept. of Radiology SHIN HEUNG College & University Ph. D. Sang-Chull Ma 장소 : 대전 컨벤션센터 일자 : 주최 : 한국표준과학연구원

2. mimic ultrasonic interactions in the human body Structure, materials Structure, materials 1. simulate a body of tissue What is an ultrasound phantom?

U.S Q/A phantom Quality assurance of diagnostic u.s apparatus U.S previous(training) phantom Scan technique for human organ Demonstration Research & Development Applications of U.S Phantom

Phantom construction 1. Phantom construction U.S Q/A phantom Ⅰ. U.S Q/A phantom HousingTarget materialsTMM phantom

AgarZerdine TM Urethanes Others epoxies liquids Natural materials 1)Tissue Mimicking Materials(TMM) (1) materials

Urethanes (2) Urethanes TMM Hydrogel type dehydration Temperature Some durable Rubber-base type Artifact of propagated speed

Line targets (mono-filament wire) Gray scale target (cylinder type materials) 2) Target materials 0.1mm 0.12mm0.2mm 0.08mm

Serve to protect the TMM Thin films Saran polyurethane Rigid Containers ABS PVC Acryl 3) Housings

2. Phantom design Cylindric structure Cyst – solid echo TMM combination TMM (Gary scale target) Distance accuracy Axial resolution Lateral resolution Dead zone line target (mono- filament)

ATS Multipurpose phantom design

AIUM protocol image quality indicator suggested action level depth quality indicator ≥0.6cm vertical distance accuracy Error≥1.0% horizontal distance accuracy Error≥2% or 2mm image uniformity change from baseline axial resolution change from baseline lateral resolution Error >1.0mm dead zone change from baseline cyst image change from baseline 3. Measurement & Characteristics of phantom(TMM)

1) Penetration of TMM (depth quality) scatter materials type(graphite) particle size, hardness, air bubble 18cm/3.5MHz 6cm/7.5MHz ATS Devel.

2) Vertical & horizontal distance accuracy mono-filament wire : 1-2 cm interval reverberation > 0.1mm > low echo

3) Homogeneity(uniformity) of TMM scatter materials type, particle size(35-80 ㎛ ) milling ATS Devel. Liver

4) Axial & Lateral resolution 0.1mm mono-filament wire 1.0 mm interval ~ 10.0mm interval ATS

5) Dead zone ATS 0.1mm mono-filament wire 1.0 mm -10.0mm

6) Functional resolution gray scale target : scatter type, volume ± 15dB ATSDevel.

Ⅱ. P revious(training)Phantoms Biposy : breast, thyroid 3D : obstetricsDoppler U.S : vessels Brachytherap y Cryosurgery

1. Breast phantom Sonoguide biopsy & aspiration Scan technique

2. Thyroid gland phantom Human thyroid Thyroid phantom Sonoguide biopsy & aspiration Scan technique

3. 3D U/S Phantom 3D volume probe - scan training Fetal head

In Summary(TMM)  Increased durability & longevity  Phantoms contain various TMM  Keep pace with developments of ultrasound apparatus  Thin Film phantom targets  Smaller resolution point targets

 Phantoms come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes  Phantoms are utilized for a variety of purposes such as QA, training and research  Phantoms are useful tools & protocol In Summary(phantom)