Digestive System 7.11

Overview A&P ▫Alimentary canal ▫Accessory organs Diseases & conditions

Functions of the Digestive System Intake and digestion of food Absorption of nutrients from digested food Elimination of solid waste

The Alimentary Canal The long muscular tube that food passes through, begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. Structures: ▫Mouth ▫Pharynx ▫Esophagus ▫Stomach ▫Small intestine ▫Large intestine ▫Anus

Alimentary Canal Mouth ▫Teeth and tongue begin physical breakdown ▫Saliva begins chemical breakdown ▫Taste buds allow to taste sweet, salty, bitter and sour senasatons ▫What are the hard/soft palates? ▫What is the uvula? ▫Name your salivary glands. ▫What is salivary amyalse?

Alimentary Canal Esophagus ▫What is the job of the epiglottis? ▫Connects throat and stomach ▫Peristalsis ▫ shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts human-digestion/ shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts human-digestion/

Alimentary Canal Stomach ▫What is rugae? ▫Sphincters-read on page 200 (there are 2) ▫Food is mixed with digestive juices that breakdown proteins, fats and carbs ▫Average time food remains in the stomach is 2-4 hours ▫Food is converted into a semifluid material called chyme.

Alimentary Canal Small intestine ▫3 parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum ▫Digestion is completed ▫Nutrients are absorbed ▫What juices are produced here? What do they breakdown? Villi-read the definition from page 200,what are they?

Alimentary Canal Large intestine: made up of Cecum, Ascending, Transverse and Descending Colons, and Rectum Absorption of water Absorption of vitamins Storage of waste

Accessory Organs Salivary Glands, Tongue, Teeth, Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas Produce digestive enzymes Assist in the breaking down of food.

Liver & Gallbladder Liver ▫Largest internal organ ▫Produces bile-needed to breakdown fats Neutralizes toxins Gallbladder ▫Stores bile, releases it into the small intestine

Pancreas Both a digestive and endocrine structure Digestive function: ▫Produces enzymes that break down all forms of food Endocrine function: ▫Insulin – regulates blood sugar levels ▫Review Video: k k

AppendicitisConstipation CholecystitisDiarrhea CirrhosisGastroenteritis DiverticulitisGastroesophageal Reflux Hernia Disease HepatitisHemorrhoids PancreatitisUlcer PeritonitisUlcerative colitis

Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix Obstruction leads to infection Symptoms: RLQ pain, low grade fever, N/V Treatment: appendectomy

Cholecystitis Inflammation of the gallbladder Gallstones block bile duct Symptoms: indigestion, N/V, RUQ pain radiates to R shoulder Treatment: low-fat diet, surgery (lithotripsy, cholecystectomy)

Diverticulitis Inflammation of diverticula (pouches) in the intestine Fecal matter and bacteria become trapped Symptoms: irregular bowel, gas, distention Treatment: antibiotics, stool softeners, surgery for severe cases

Diverticulitis, cont.

Hepatitis Viral inflammation of the liver Symptoms: ▫Jaundice ▫N/V ▫Fatigue ▫Hepatomegaly Vaccines for A, B No vaccine or treatment for C, D, E

Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas Enzymes begin to digest the organ ▫Blocked duct, alcoholism, idiopathic Symptoms: severe pain radiating to the back, N/V, possible bleeding/shock Treatment: based on cause