DOWN SYNDROME By: Trey Krueger, Ryan Kinge, Jillian Floyd, Logan Sook

NAME OF DISORDER/JILLIAN Down Syndrome is also known as trisomy 21. It is named after an English doctor, John Langdon Down. In 1862, he was the first person to identify Down Syndrome as a separate form of disability. In 1959, Dr. Jerome Lejeune discovered Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder, resulting from an extra chromosome. Lejeune's claim to the discovery was disputed and in 2014, a scientific council unanimously awarded the prize to his colleague Marthe Gautier for this discovery.

TYPE OF GENETIC DISORDER/LOGAN  This is a disorder resulting in intellectual disability.  It is caused by trisomy 21, which is the chromosomal abnormality that occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells in a parent.  Specifically, the child has three copies of chromosome 21 (instead of the usual two copies) in all cells. This is caused by abnormal cell division during the development of the sperm cell or the egg cell.

DOWN SYNDROME CHROMOSOMES GRAPHIC/RYAN

DOWN SYNDROME SYMPTOMS/TREY  Flattened facial features  Small head  Short neck  Protruding tongue  Upward slanting eyes  Small ears  Poor muscle tone  Small hands  Short fingers  Excessive flexibility

DOWN SYNDROME EFFECTS/JILLIAN  Mental health issues: Anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive, oppositional, impulsive, and inattentive behaviors. Also sleep difficulties, autism spectrum conditions, respiratory infections, infections of the skin, and heart disease can be effects.  Mental health problems depend on the age and developmental characteristics of the child/adult with down syndrome.  Young children have problems with language and communication skills and nonverbal problem solving abilities.

DETERMINING THE DISORDER/LOGAN  During Pregnancy:  Screening test- shows a chance of having Down Syndrome. A positive result means the child is more likely to have it. A negative result means the baby doesn’t have it.  Diagnostic test- can show if the baby has Down Syndrome. Down Syndrome can be confirmed by doing a physical exam to determine the type of the Down Syndrome he/she has.  A chromosomal Karyotype test- is a photograph of the chromosomes in a cell. Karyotypes can be used to confirm Down Syndrome. If there’s an extra 21 chromosome in the cells, the baby is diagnosed with the disorder.

PROGNOSIS OF A PERSON WITH DOWN SYNDROME/RYAN A person with Down Syndrome can live to be 50 or more. They have more health risks than a regular person. They may have bone and nerve problems, or seizures. They need to make sure that they go to the doctor often because they need more treatment. They have to have many screening tests so that doctors can detect what may be wrong with their health.

TREATMENTS AND MEDICATIONS/TREY Children and adults with Down Syndrome to go physicians, special educators, speech therapists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists. Children with Down Syndrome should do activities that allows them to interact with other people. Kids with Down Syndrome also need to be provided with encouragement. Down Syndrome kids or adults have long-term treatments. The Down Syndrome child or adult treatments are based on the person’s physical and appearance needs.

CURRENT RESEARCH/JILLIAN LuMind Research Foundation  The mission of the LuMind Research Down Syndrome Foundation is to stimulate biomedical research that will accelerate the development of treatments to significantly improve cognition, including memory, learning and speech, for individuals with Down syndrome so they:  participate more successfully in school  lead more active and independent lives, and  avoid the early onset of Alzheimer’s Disease

SUMMARY- A SUCCESS STORY/LOGAN There’s a girl who goes to my barn who has Down Syndrome. Shay’s parents brought her to Oakwood stables so she could interact with the other girls there. Shay is the only one in her family that has this disorder, she’s the second child of three kids. When grooming or tacking up a horse she knows all the steps to do the task. You can have a small conversation with her and really likes it when you compliment her on something. Shay is now 15 years old, and doing well. She has received medical treatments, and goes to a special school.

SOURCES/RYAN  NDDS. "What Is down Syndrome." National Down Syndrome Society. National Down Syndrome Society, Web.  "Down Syndrome." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 05 Apr  "Down Syndrome - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment - from WebMD." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 05 Apr  "Down Syndrome." Genetics Home Reference. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr  "Down Syndrome: Get the Facts on Symptoms." MedicineNet. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr