Solutions Formed when substances dissolve in other substances

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Presentation transcript:

Solutions Formed when substances dissolve in other substances Homogeneous mixture Single phase Remain mixed; particles do not settle out Cannot be separated by filtration Episode 1001

Solvent Solute Present in larger amount Dissolves the solute to make the solution Solute Present in lesser amount Dissolved in the solvent Episode 1001

Examples of Types of Solutions LIQUID SOLUTIONS: liquid solvent in which a gas, solid, or liquid is dissolved Gas dissolved in liquid Ex. Carbonated drink Liquid in liquid Ex. Antifreeze in water Miscible: the two liquids mix Immiscible: the two liquids don’t mix Solid in a liquid Ex. Salt water Episode 1001

Alloys: solid mixtures of metals SOLID SOLUTIONS: Alloys: solid mixtures of metals (Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc) GAS SOLUTIONS: Gases dissolved in each other (air is most common example) Aqueous: water is the solvent Tincture: alcohol is the solvent Episode 1001

Suspensions A heterogeneous mixture Particles in the solvent are thousands of times larger than molecules and ions Particles will settle out upon standing Can be separated by filtration Exhibit the Tyndall Effect The scattering of light in all directions Episode 1001

Colloid Particles are intermediate in size between those of suspensions and solutions Particles do not settle out upon standing Can not be separated by filtration Exhibit the Tyndall Effect Episode 1001

Emulsions Colloidal dispersion of liquids in liquids Emulsifying agent is necessary for maintaining stability (Soap is an example) Episode 1001

Dissolve in water to form a solution that conducts electric current Electrolytes: Dissolve in water to form a solution that conducts electric current Nonelectrolytes: Dissolves in water to form a solution that does not conduct electric current Episode 1001

Factors Affecting the Rate of Solution Surface area: Increasing the surface area of the solute by crushing speeds up dissolving by increasing the number of collisions between solvent and the solute surface Agitation: Stirring or shaking helps to disperse solute particles, increasing the number of collisions between solvent and the solute particles Heating: Increases the average kinetic energy of the solvent molecules so that the collisions between the solvent molecules and the solute are more frequent Episode 1001