Module 4 Great Scientists

Grammar The Passive Voice

1. The revision of the words. 2. The revision of the text. 3. Grammar 1 & 2 Teaching Aims:

Revision of Passive Voice （被动语态复习）

1. Where was he educated? 2. What nickname was he given? 3. When were the results of the experiment published? 4. When was a naturally sterile male rice plant finally discovered? 5. How many square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables? 6. Where was Yuan Longping ’ s rice exported?

构成（以动词 do 为例 ） 一般现在时 am/is/are + done 一般过去时 was / were + done 一般将来时 shall / will + be + done 过去将来时 should / would +be +done 现在进行时 am / is are +being + done 过去进行时 was/were + being + done 现在完成时 has/ have been + done 过去完成时 had been + done 将来完成时 shall/ will +have been +done

Grammar-4. Observation (6ms) When will you use passive voice? Look! There’s nothing here. Everything has been taken away. I was born in She is liked by everybody. He is said to be a good teacher. You’ll be contacted. Star War is acted by Harrison Ford. 不知道动作的执行者 不必提出动作的执行者 强调动作的承受者 习惯用法 不确定动作的执行者 行文的需要

1.These computers / produce / in America _____________________________________ 2. Rice / grow / in China / for / thousands of years _____________________________________ _______________. 3.the results of his experiments __________ _________ (publish) in China in These computers are produced in America. Rice has been grown in China for thousands of years. were published

Grammar-6.Observation (5ms) Are there any differences between the two groups of sentences? He told her a long story. She was told a long story. A long story was told to her.  Mother bought me a new coat.  I was bought a new coat.  A new coat was bought for me. give, show, hand, send, pay, lend, pass, tell, write, bring, sell, offer, cause, wish, teach, buy 等常有双宾 语, 变被动态时应考虑加上介词 for 或 to

Grammar-7. Observation (5ms) Can you find out anything special around the sentences below? The flowers smell sweet. The food tastes nice. That sounds very good. Silk feels soft. The cloth washes well. The poem reads smoothly. This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. This book sells good. 系动词 + adj.: 主动表被动 某些和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词, 如 read, wash, clean, cook, close, cost, lock, look, open, sell, write, wear, etc.

在 need, require 等词后面用动名词的 主动形式表示被动意义。 These trees need watering. This house needs repairing.

1. 每天都有新的问题被处理。 New problems are dealt with every day. 2. 明年将种许多树。 Many trees will be planted next year. 3. 计划将会执行。 The plan would be carried out.

4. 昨天下午这个问题在会上正在被讨 论。 The question was being discussed at the meeting yesterday afternoon. 5. 那时收音机刚刚发明。 Radios had just been invented then.

短语动词的被动语态： That old man was often laughed at. The doctor has been sent for. 结论 : 短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分 割的词组, 在被动结构中也是如此, 不 可去掉后面的介词或副词。

1. He must be prevented from going. 2. The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 结论 : 含有情态动词的被动语态的结 构为 : “ 情态动词 +be+ 动词过去分词 ”

改错 : 1.Such things needn’t talked. Such things needn’t be talked about. 2. The books may kept for two weeks by you. The books may be kept for two weeks by you.

She heard him sing a song just now. He was heard to sing a song just now. 结论 : 主动句中的宾语如果是不带 to 的不定式, 在变成被动句中的主语补 足语时, to 不能省去。

1. I noticed him cross the street. He was noticed to cross the street. 2. They often help me clean the room. I am helped to clean the room. 3. We often see her read English in the morning. She is often seen to read English in the morning.

结论 : 带双宾语的动词的被动语态的 形式为 : 由其中一个宾语作主语, 常为 表示人的间接宾语。 We gave him some books. He was given some books. Some books were given to him.

We elected him our monitor. He was elected our monitor by us. We saw him sitting there without doing anything. He was seen sitting there without doing anything. 结论 : 带有宾语补足语的动词的被动 语态原来的宾语补足语变为主语补 足语。

1.In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. A is serving B is served C serves D served Do you like the material ? ---- Yes, it _____ very soft. A. is felling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 连接高考 ：

____ the sports meeting might be put off Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told 4.Books of this kind _____ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold

5. Visitors _____ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C.Are requesting D. are requested 6. A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built

历年高考题 1.– The window is dirty. – I know. It _____ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleanedB. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleanedD. hasn’t been cleaned 2.Now that she is our of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider

3.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed 4.According to the art dealer, the painting _____ to go for at least a million dollars. A. is expectedB. expects C. expectedD. is expecting

5.-- What happened to the priceless works of art? -- ________. A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying them C. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them 6.-- The window is dirty. -- I know. It _____ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleanedB. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleanedD. hasn’t been cleaned

7.When and where to go for the no-salary holiday _____ yet. A. are not decidedB. have not been decided C. is not being decidedD. has not been decided 8. A new cinema ____ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 9. The new suspension bridge ____ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed

10.Hundreds of jobs ____ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 11. Rainforests ____ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 12. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _____ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been

by + -ing form

介词 “by” 与名词，代词或动词 -ing 连用， 在句中作状语 。 用法 例句 By 与名词，代词连 用， 译为 “ 被 …” ， 常用于被动语态。 The snow was cleared away by the students. By 与动词 -ing 连用， 译为 “ 通过 …” 。表示某种 方式 。 He could produce more rice by crossing two different plants.

Homework: 1.Review the grammar 1 & Review the words and recite the whole text, then we will have a dictation and check next class on Saturday. 3. Finish the exercises on page on your book.