LETS BEGIN WITH A MAP QUIZ! GET OUT YOUR MAPS OF SOUTH AMERICA AND STUDY! Spanish-Speaking South America

 Using the numbers below, identify the countries  2  8  7  11  3  9 Map Quiz:

WATCH THE VIDEO, COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS, AND REVIEW THE QUESTIONS History of U.S.-Cuban Relations Video and Questions

USING THE ARTICLE ON THE CLASS WEBSITE, COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS WE WILL REVIEW YOUR ANSWERS ONCE EVERYONE IS DONE U.S. to Restore Full Relations with Cuba” Article and Questions

DUE FRIDAY! Paragraph Reflection on Question #8

 The Incas may have been descendants of people who crossed a land bridge from Siberia to Alaska  When they reached the west coast of South America, they encountered the Andes Mountains  Reach heights of 20,000 feet in some places  Despite this rough terrain, the Inca were able to build an advance civilization  The foundation of their empire was based on earlier cultures The Inca:

 The capital of the Incan Empire was Cuzco, which is located in Peru The Inca:

The Rise of the Incas

Possibly, where did the Incans come from?

Siberia

 Francisco Pizarro  Wanted to be like Cortez  Wanted to conquer something to get political title an encomienda  Receive land that included any native cities, towns, communities or families that lived there  Also, natives had to work for you and give tribute to you  Largest encomienda would get 22,000 natives  He was illiterate  Set-off to South America to find empire to defeat The Spanish Conquest:

 Why South America?  Rumors of a city of gold called El Dorado  A mythical city that was built entirely of gold  Pizarro and 250 men and they arrived in South America in 1531 and met the Incas  There was a civil war occurring in the Incan Empire between half brothers who are fighting for control  He invites one of the brothers, who is emperor, to meet him The Spanish Conquest:

 When the emperor arrived, Pizarro captured him and held him for ransom  To get him back, Pizarro informed the Incas that, if they fill a room up with gold and silver, he will release him  The Incans do it  Pizarro changes his mind and takes the gold and silver and executes the emperor The Spanish Conquest:

What was going on in the Incan Empire, when Pizarro arrived?

Civil War

 It took 40 years for the Spanish to gain complete control over this area  In hopes of getting rid of the Spanish, the natives try to take advantage of Spanish greed for gold  They begin telling the Spanish lies of El Dorado so that the Spanish would leave their community  It only increases the Spanish Empire  Because they stay in that community and send men out all over South America to find this city of gold The Spanish Conquest:

 The Spanish settlers forced the natives to work in mines and on farms and ranches  Spain passed laws to protect the natives but many of the settlers still abused the natives or worked them to death  Many natives died in silver mines located in Bolivia  Many were forced to move and live in towns to be controlled more easily  The Spanish forced their language and religion on the natives The Spanish Conquest:

 Despite these attempts, the natives held onto their culture and language  Today, millions of people still speak the Incan language called Quechua The Spanish Conquest:

THE%20INCA Conquest of the Incas

To try to get the Spanish out of their communities, what did the natives do?

Told lies involving the location of the city of El Dorado

 Came from all different walks of life  From nobles to slaves  Most were commoners  All were men and most were single  Very few Spanish women came over initially  After the fighting, a few more women came but they were mostly relatives to the conquistadors Conquistadors – Make-up and Organization:

 Problem  No single ladies from Spain are coming over to the New World  Conquistadors looking for partners  Begin marrying the natives  At first, Spain looks favorably on this idea but this will soon change  There were ranks in the conquistadors  Treasure divided equally in each rank (pay scale)  King of Spain received 20% of everything Conquistadors – Make-up and Organization:

 Ultimately, the conquistadors’ goal was to take their new wealth from the Americas and return to Spain and become high nobles  Use Americas as a stepping stone  Most did not return to Spain  Why?  Many took out massive loans to get to the Americas  Therefore, much of their new wealth had to go to creditors Conquistadors – Make-up and Organization:

 Overall, most conquistadors did not become wealthy  Some worked honest jobs in the New World  Others became criminals, because they believed work was below them  Robbed, raped, and killed natives Conquistadors – Make-up and Organization:

Why did many conquistadors marry native women?

There were really no single women from Spain coming over to the New World

 Inspired by the American Revolution and the French Revolution, countries of South America began seeking their own independence in the early 1800s  Two great leaders  Simon Bolivar  Jose de San Martin  Bolivar helped liberate Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia  San Martin helped free Argentina, Chile, and Peru Independence Movements:

 Once independence was achieved, the geography contributed to the failure of various countries to unify or work together for common goals  People on the continent tend to live around the edges of the continent  Mountains and rain forests limit interactions  This has contributed to underdevelopment and political instability Independence Movements:

 Since independence, the main types of governments that have existed in South America include  Oligarchy  Military rule  Before his death in 1830, Simon Bolivar had become discouraged with the future of democracy in Latin America Government by the Few:

 Authoritarian rule  Stresses obedience to authority over individual freedom  It has slowed the development of democracy  Strong militaries, underdeveloped economies, and social class divisions still exist today in the region Government by the Few:

What has caused or led to South American countries having poor economies and social class division?

Colonialism