Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration and Energy - Overview

Warm-up Compare and contrast how autotrophs and heterotrophs obtain food.

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs “Self Feeder” AKA: Producers Use light energy to make glucose Photosynthesis (Ch.8) “Self Feeder” AKA: Producers Use light energy to make glucose Photosynthesis (Ch.8) “Other Eaters” AKA: consumers Must obtain food by eating producers or other consumers Cellular Respiration (Ch.9) “Other Eaters” AKA: consumers Must obtain food by eating producers or other consumers Cellular Respiration (Ch.9)

Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy? Kinetic: Energy of motion Potential: stored energy

Energy can be converted… Where does energy originate? Initially from the sun! Initially from the sun! This energy is harnessed by... Plants who use it to create their own food. Plants who use it to create their own food.

What is the relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration? * atoms get rearranged during these processes Role of the Sun? Role of Glucose? Provide energy (sun light) which plants use to create glucose from water and CO 2 Broken down by cells to create energy (ATP)

Energy Equations Analyze the following equations and determine what process they are related to! 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Light  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Photosynthesis C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 38 ATP Cellular Respiration

Warm – Up 3/24 1.Write the equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 2.What three molecules are used to make ATP? 3.Where is the energy located in ATP? a.Analyze the structure of ATP and explain why it has a high amount of stored energy.

How do organisms harvest the energy stored in foods? Cellular Respiration: chemical process that uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into another form of chemical energy (ATP) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a usable form of chemical energy (Plants and Animals) Energy comes from the bonds. Cellular Respiration: chemical process that uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into another form of chemical energy (ATP) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a usable form of chemical energy (Plants and Animals) Energy comes from the bonds.

Stored Chemical Energy in food Some energy is lost as Thermal Energy (heat) Calorie: amount of energy needed to raise 1g of H20 by 1°C Chemical energy from food is converted into ATP Some energy is lost as Thermal Energy (heat) Calorie: amount of energy needed to raise 1g of H20 by 1°C Chemical energy from food is converted into ATP

Exercise – Expended Energy Bicycling (Slowly) – 170 cal per hour Bicycling (Racing) – 514 Dancing (Slow) – 202 Dancing (Fast) – 599 Running – 865 Swimming – 535

ATP provides energy for cellular work. ATP Packs Potential Energy!!!! When a phosphate group is pulled away…energy is released. This Energy is used for Cellular Work ATP Packs Potential Energy!!!! When a phosphate group is pulled away…energy is released. This Energy is used for Cellular Work

Varying energy in the bonds between phosphates

ATP and Cellular Work

Electrons “fall” from food to oxygen during cellular respiration Relate Cellular Respiration to Breathing Both Exchange O2 & CO2 Relate Cellular Respiration to Breathing Both Exchange O2 & CO2 Alveoli structures that increase the surface area of the lungs

Equation for Cellular Respiration In cellular respiration, the atoms in glucose and oxygen are rearranged, forming carbon dioxide and water. The cell uses the energy released to produce ATP.

Oxygen and the Electron Transport Chain As electrons move down each step in the chain, a small amount of energy is released The energy is used to generate ATP molecules As electrons move down each step in the chain, a small amount of energy is released The energy is used to generate ATP molecules

Cellular Respiration converts energy in food to energy in ATP Stages Include… Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle ETC What is produced? Stages Include… Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle ETC What is produced?

3/28 Warm-Up What are the three steps in Cellular Respiration? Which step(s) require oxygen? What provides the energy required for ATP synthase to make ATP?

Name the 3 Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis2. Krebs Cycle3. Electron Transport Chain Location in CellCytoplasmMitochondria What is Produced2 Pyruvic Acid 4 ATP 4 CO 2 2 ATP H 2 O 34 ATP

Glycolysis ( aka “splitting of sugar”) Occurs in the cytoplasm Glucose (6C) is broken down into 2 Pyruvic Acid (3C molecules) 2 ATP molecules used, 4 ATP molecules produced Occurs in the cytoplasm Glucose (6C) is broken down into 2 Pyruvic Acid (3C molecules) 2 ATP molecules used, 4 ATP molecules produced Net Gain of ATP???

Mitochondria Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Space Matrix Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Space Matrix

In Mitochondrial Matrix Pyruvic acid from Glycolysis becomes Acetyl CoA, which enters cycle In Mitochondrial Matrix Pyruvic acid from Glycolysis becomes Acetyl CoA, which enters cycle CO 2 produced 2 ATP Produced CO 2 produced 2 ATP Produced

In the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Part of Oxidative Phosphorylation Final Electron Acceptor = Oxygen Electron Carrier Proteins – Transfer Electrons. In the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Part of Oxidative Phosphorylation Final Electron Acceptor = Oxygen Electron Carrier Proteins – Transfer Electrons.

ATP Synthase Protons moving through cause the rotor and stalk to spin; rapidly producing ATP Can produce over 100 ATP molecules per second. Generates 3 ATP each revolution.