New Nationalism Element: Analyze the rise of nationalism as seen in the ideas of Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and Mohandas Gandhi. Vocabulary: Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Mohandas Gandhi

Indian Nationalism India was a colony of Great Britain Indians had served with the British in WWI England did not keep promise of granting Indian Independence Indian began to resent English rule England enacted the Rowlatt Acts: gave British colonial government the right to imprison protesters for as long as two years without a trial

Indian Nationalist Movement Description: led by upper-class, English-educated preferred reform over revolution came from urban areas such as Mumbai (then called Bombay) and Calcutta reform became slow paced

Amritsar Massacre In 1919 a group of Hindus and Muslims marched together to Amritsar to show support of Indian Nationalism England had banned public meetings, and troops were ordered to fire into the crowd = 400 dead Increased hatred of English rule = increase in Indian Nationalism

Indian Nationalist Movement Indian National Congress (INC): formed in1885 by a small group of Indians called for a share in the governing process with Britain, not full independence split between Hindus and Muslims Muslims began to call for a separate league to better represent the interests of India’s millions of Muslims

Indian Nationalist Movement Became the leader of the Indian independence movement His teachings merged thoughts from all of the world’s major religions The Indians gave him the name Mahatma – “Great Soul”

Mohandas Gandhi Fought injustice through “Civil Disobedience” Boycotts Fasts Strikes Peaceful demonstrations In 1935, England granted partial self-rule to India Gandhi tried to get India to forget its religious differences, but conflict between Muslims and Hindus continued.

Mohandas Gandhi Despite Gandhi’s efforts, India split into 2 nations in 1947: India – Hindu Pakistan – Muslim In 1948, Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu nationalist.

Changes in China Since 1644, China had been ruled by the Qing Dynasty. The nation was very closed to the rest of the world. Many Chinese people began to believe that increasing technology, industry, and nationalism held the key for China’s future. The leader of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) was led by Sun Yat-sen

Chinese Nationalism Description: sought reform after Boxer Rebellion Western educational system replaced traditional civil service examination system elections for a national assembly were held in 1910 at local levels could not pass laws, only advise the ruler conditions worsened and taxes rose

Sun Yat-sen Revive China Society founded in the 1890s believed China had to be united under a strong government to resist foreign influence

Revolution In 1895, Sun tried to launch a revolt, but it failed. Sun was forced into exile for 16 years. in 1911 followers of Sun Yat-sen began an uprising and the Qing dynasty collapsed

Revolution The Nationalists took power and Sun Yat Sen helped make Chiang Kai-shek President. The Nationalists remained in power in China until the communist revolution led by Mao Zedong following World War II.

Turkish Nationalism Description: Greece invaded western Turkey after WWI Turkish leaders formed a new Republic of Turkey under the command of Mustafa Kemal able to drive the Greek troops out

Mustafa Kemal known as Atatürk became president of Turkey had a democratic system of government

Turkish Nationalism Policies of Turkey: did not allow opposition eliminated Arabic elements from the Turkish language adopted the Roman alphabet forced people to adopt last names established factories and directed the economy tried to modernize farming

Turkish Nationalism Creating a Secular Turkey: abolished the caliphate forbade men to wear the traditional Turkish Muslim hat forbade the Islamic custom of women wearing a veil new laws gave women equal marriage and inheritance rights