Sept 9 th 2015 –Welcome back! Topic: Intro to Othello Topic: Intro to Othello EQ: How can we analyze the ways in which Othello is a culturally relevant text by its introduction? EQ: How can we analyze the ways in which Othello is a culturally relevant text by its introduction? Do Now: Why do people wear masks? Do Now: Why do people wear masks?

Topic: Objective: Introduction to Othello by Shakespeare. Topic: Objective: Introduction to Othello by Shakespeare. EQ: How can we continue to analyze the ways in which Othello is a culturally relevant text by its introduction? EQ: How can we continue to analyze the ways in which Othello is a culturally relevant text by its introduction? QUICKWRITE: will fill out a KWL chart on the following: QUICKWRITE: will fill out a KWL chart on the following: ―What is a Shakespearean Tragedy? and its accompanying worksheet. ―What is a Shakespearean Tragedy? and its accompanying worksheet.

Laurence Dunbar poem-We Wear Masks We Wear the Mask We Wear the Mask BY PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR BY PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR We wear the mask that grins and lies, We wear the mask that grins and lies, It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,— It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,— This debt we pay to human guile; This debt we pay to human guile; With torn and bleeding hearts we smile, With torn and bleeding hearts we smile, And mouth with myriad subtleties. And mouth with myriad subtleties. Why should the world be over-wise, Why should the world be over-wise, In counting all our tears and sighs? In counting all our tears and sighs? Nay, let them only see us, while Nay, let them only see us, while We wear the mask. We wear the mask. We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries To thee from tortured souls arise. To thee from tortured souls arise. We sing, but oh the clay is vile We sing, but oh the clay is vile Beneath our feet, and long the mile; Beneath our feet, and long the mile; But let the world dream otherwise, But let the world dream otherwise, We wear the mask! We wear the mask!

How are all of these objects related?

Background to Othello

THE THEMES

Othello Jealousy… Hypocrisy… Passion… Prejudice… Revenge…

THE PLOT

Topic: Intro to Othello EQ: How can we continue to analyze the ways in which Othello is a culturally relevant text by its introduction? EQ: How can we continue to analyze the ways in which Othello is a culturally relevant text by its introduction? DO now/ Quickwrite: Students will fill out a KWL chart on the following: DO now/ Quickwrite: Students will fill out a KWL chart on the following: ―What is a Shakespearean Tragedy? ―What is a Shakespearean Tragedy? -Name one thing that you have learned about Othello so far. -Name one thing that you have learned about Othello so far.

Othello is a general, a military leader, in Venice hundreds of years ago. But he is an outsider because he is from another country—and of another race.

When Othello secretly marries the young, beautiful and noble Desdemona, her father, Brabantio, wants Othello to be arrested. But Desdemona loves Othello and doesn’t care that he is an outsider.

At the same time, the men in the army under Othello can’t be trusted. Cassio means well but is open to bad influences. Iago pretends to be Othello’s friend, but secretly resents him for passing him over for promotion.

Iago is determined to get revenge. He decides to attack Othello in his most vulnerable spot… his love for Desdemona.

Will Othello be able to see through Iago’s schemes? Or will jealousy and revenge turn to murder?

TERMS TO KNOW

Important Dramatic Terms Tragedy—a drama of a solemn and dignified quality that typically depicts the development of a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force, such as fate, circumstance, or society, and reaches a mournful or ruinous conclusion.

Othello – A Shakespearean Tragedy Othello is a Shakespearean Tragedy Othello is a Shakespearean Tragedy It encompasses elements of tragedies such as: It encompasses elements of tragedies such as: It ends with the death of numerous characters including the title character It ends with the death of numerous characters including the title character The protagonist is admirable, but flawed, with the audience able to understand and sympathise with the character. The protagonist is admirable, but flawed, with the audience able to understand and sympathise with the character. The protagonist is capable of both good and evil The protagonist is capable of both good and evil Free will is insisted upon – the protagonist must always be able to back out of a situation or to redeem themselves – but always towards their inevitable doom. Free will is insisted upon – the protagonist must always be able to back out of a situation or to redeem themselves – but always towards their inevitable doom.

Important Dramatic Terms Tragic flaw—a defect in the protagonist that brings about his or her downfall. Hubris: derived from the Greek word hybris, means “excessive pride.” In Greek tragedy, hubris is often viewed as the flaw that leads to the downfall of the tragic hero.

Important Dramatic Terms Tragic hero: the main character of great importance to his state or culture and who is conventionally of noble birth and high social station, the ruler or an important leader in his society. The moral health of the state is identified with, and dependent on, that of its ruler, and so the tragic hero’s story is also that of his state.

Important Dramatic Terms Such heroes are mixed characters, neither thoroughly good or thoroughly evil, yet “better” or “greater” than the rest of us in the sense that they are of higher than ordinary moral worth and social significance.

THE SETTING

Setting Setting (time) · Late sixteenth century, during the wars between Venice and Turkey Setting (place) · Venice in Act I; the island of Cyprus thereafter

Cyprus is located east of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea. It is just south of Turkey.

THE CHARACTERS

Types of People in Othello Venetians Most are noblemen and women (Brabantio, Desdemona, Roderigo) Also, there are the nobles’ servants (Emilia) Some are soldiers (Cassio, Iago) Others are part of Venetian government (the Duke)

Types of People (cont’d) Moors (Othello) Black nomadic people of the northern shores of Africa, originally the inhabitants of Mauretania Converted to Islam in the 8 th century

Moors (cont’d) Invaded Spain in 711 and dominated until the 11 th century had great dynasties up until 1492, when the last of their cities was conquered by Spain virtually exterminated by Spain during the Inquisition (late 1400s- 1820)

Moors (cont’d) Othello is a Moor Discriminated against because of his race (black) Othello has been accepted in some ways because he is a Christian and a military genius Yet his marriage to Desdemona reflects the prevailing view toward interracial marriage.

Iago Iago is one of Shakespeare’s most sinister villains, often considered so because of the unique trust Othello puts in him, which he betrays while maintaining his reputation of honesty and dedication. Iago is one of Shakespeare’s most sinister villains, often considered so because of the unique trust Othello puts in him, which he betrays while maintaining his reputation of honesty and dedication. Shakespeare contrasts Iago with Othello’s nobility and integrity. Shakespeare contrasts Iago with Othello’s nobility and integrity. Iago is a malcontent – he has a bitter and cyncial view of the world around him. Iago is a malcontent – he has a bitter and cyncial view of the world around him. The name Iago is a shortened version of the Spanish name “Santiago” or “St James”. The name Iago is a shortened version of the Spanish name “Santiago” or “St James”. Saint James of Spain was also known as “St James the Moor Killer” which seems appropriate within the play. Saint James of Spain was also known as “St James the Moor Killer” which seems appropriate within the play.

THE CULTURE OF THE TIME

The Wife’s Status A typical wife receiving her instruction The husband, in the accepted role as head of the household, gives moral direction to his wife and children--who sit obediently listening. The husband, in the accepted role as head of the household, gives moral direction to his wife and children--who sit obediently listening.

Evil Women! The men in “Othello” have differing views of women – from Othello who idolizes his wife (Desdemona) to Iago who sees love as "merely a lust of the blood and a permission of the will“. The attitudes of the audience at the time are likely to have been varied too. In the Elizabethan times there was a long and well established tradition in the Church of what we would now call misogyny – women were distrusted simply because they were women. At the time it was assumed that women would cheat – it was part of their nature!

The Cuckold Any man whose wife cheated on him (without his knowledge) was known as a cuckold. The word derives from “cuckoo” – the bird known for laying their eggs in another’s nest. It was highly undesirable to be considered a cuckold. All of the community would find out about it and it was considered a public humiliation. Cuckolds were often described as having horns – a hangover from the days when a cuckold was forced to parade around his town wearing antlers as a sign of his wife’s infidelity.

LET’S TALK ABOUT IT

Jealousy Jealousy was viewed as something irrational and linked to the deadly sin of envy. Jealousy was viewed as something irrational and linked to the deadly sin of envy. It was viewed as a sudden infection against which there was no prevention or cure. It was viewed as a sudden infection against which there was no prevention or cure. It was thought of as eroding trust and it dissolved the bonds holding together marriages, families and social frameworks. It was thought of as eroding trust and it dissolved the bonds holding together marriages, families and social frameworks. Being jealous could let in evil and chaos and it was a state greatly feared by Shakespeare’s audiences. Being jealous could let in evil and chaos and it was a state greatly feared by Shakespeare’s audiences.

Task On the following slide are some lines spoken by, or about, various characters in the play – consider what you think each quotation reveals about the person speaking/being spoken about and what they are like as a character. On the following slide are some lines spoken by, or about, various characters in the play – consider what you think each quotation reveals about the person speaking/being spoken about and what they are like as a character.

1) Iago - describing Othello: “loving his own pride and purposes” 2) Iago - speaking about his relationship with Othello: “I follow him to serve my turn upon him” 3) Iago - speaking about himself: “I am not what I am”. 4) Othello - speaking about himself: “My parts, my title and my perfect soul shall manifest me rightly” 5) Othello - about Iago: “A man he is of honesty and trust”.

Quotations on Deception – Do you agree? “We are never deceived; we deceive ourselves.” We are never deceived; we deceive ourselves.We are never deceived; we deceive ourselves. “Deception is a cruel act... It often has many players on different stages that corrode the soul.” Deception is a cruel act... It often has many players on different stages that corrode the soul.Deception is a cruel act... It often has many players on different stages that corrode the soul. “It's better to get something worthwhile done using deception than to fail to get something worthwhile done using truth.” t's better to get something worthwhile done using deception than to fail to get something worthwhile done using truth.t's better to get something worthwhile done using deception than to fail to get something worthwhile done using truth. “Truth lives on in the midst of deception” Truth lives on in the midst of deceptionTruth lives on in the midst of deception

Today’s society - TASK Think about the cultural rules that you live by. Look at the questions opposite and discuss/make notes. What rules dictate the behaviour of young men and women in relationships today? What rules dictate the behaviour of young men and women in relationships today? What are the things “nice girls” just don’t do? What are the things “nice girls” just don’t do? What are the things “nice boys” just don’t do? What are the things “nice boys” just don’t do? What do you think the consequences are of breaking these rules? What do you think the consequences are of breaking these rules?