Exam Style Questions (ESQ) 1 January 2010 a.Describe the characteristics of a psychotic disorder. (10) b.Evaluate difficulties when identifying characteristics.

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Exam Style Questions (ESQ) 1 January 2010 a.Describe the characteristics of a psychotic disorder. (10) b.Evaluate difficulties when identifying characteristics of psychological disorders. (15) June 2013 a.Describe the characteristics of one anxiety disorder. (10) b.To what extent is it valid to identify a disorder from a list of characteristic. (15) June 2014 a.Outline the characteristics of an affective disorder. (10) b.Asses the reliability of identifying a disorder from a list of characteristics. (15)

Exam Style Question January 2010 a) Evaluate difficulties when identifying characteristics of psychological disorders. (15) 2

Research the following points and provide evidence to support them. Can you link the points to reliability/validity? 1. Inter-rater reliability – do Psychiatrists agree with each other? Cooper et. al. (1972) Beck (1962) 2. Overlap between disorders due to similar symptoms 3. Symptoms may not always be evident by observation –relies on self-report 4. Ethnocentrism – culturally bound disorders Szaz Gender Bias – Is one gender more prone to receive a diagnosis? Ford and Widiger (1989) 6. Type 1 & 2 Error – Rosenhan 7. Self-Fulfilling prophecy - Rosehan 8. Insanity defense - Rosehan 3

Counter argument (Strengths)  There are methodological problems with the studies on validity and reliability (researcher bias, generalisability, ecological validity).  Revised diagnostic tools are higher in reliability than earlier versions, e.g. DSM-IV-TR.  Many people do seek help voluntarily for disorders (which may mean that the disorder is valid).  The reliability of diagnosis is high for some disorders, e.g. obsessive compulsive disorder.  There are many similarities of disorders across cultures.  Diagnostic systems do not classify people, but the disorders that they have.  Without diagnosis we wouldn’t be offering the correct treatment  The more observable the behavior classified the better we would be become at identifying people at risk of developing the illness