Dr. Anya Evmenova Supporting Students with Various Abilities and Needs: Foundations of Special Education

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Agenda for Seminar 2 Introductions Special Education in the USA Students with Various Abilities and Needs –Simulations

Introductions Tell us: –Your name –Experiences that you have with special education and/or students with various abilities and needs –One thing people don’t know about you

Mandated by Federal Legislation Supported in practice by –Federal Regulations –State Regulations –Local Policies and Procedures Funded through a combination of federal, state, and local funds Special Education in the USA

Things to Know : … Steps in the special education process … Major laws … Acronyms to know

Steps: The Basics of Special Education Process Step 1. Step 1. Child is identified as possibly needing special education and related services

Steps: The Basics of Special Education Process Step 1. Step 1. Child is identified as possibly needing special education and related services Step 2. Step 2. Child is evaluated

Steps: The Basics of Special Education Process Step 3. Step 3. Eligibility is decided Parents are part of the group that decides eligibility

Steps: The Basics of Special Education Process Step 3. Step 3. Eligibility is decided Step 4. Step 4. Child is found eligible for services Yes

Steps: The Basics of Special Education Process Step 5. Step 5. Individualized Education Program meeting is scheduled

Steps: The Basics of Special Education Process Step 6. Step 6. IEP meeting is held, and the IEP is written

Steps: The Basics of Special Education Process Step 7. Step 7. Services are provided

Steps: The Basics of Special Education Process Step 8. Step 8. Progress is measured and reported to parents

Steps: The Basics of Special Education Process Step 9. Step 9. IEP is reviewed Step 10. Step 10. Child is reevaluated

Acronyms Defined F ree A ppropriate P ublic E ducation What States must make available to all eligible children with disabilities FAPE

Acronyms Defined I ndividualized E ducation P rogram Every child with disabilities in a public school receiving IDEA- funded special education must have one IEP

Acronyms Defined L east R estrictive E nvironment LRE Children with disabilities are to be educated with children who do not have disabilities, to the maximum extent appropriate Inclusive Resource Self- contained Alternative

A Brief History People, Ideas, TrendsDatesImpact Itard and SeguinLate 18 th to mid 19 th century Systematic educative procedures for the hardest to teach children Howe1829First residential school for students who were blind Gallaudet1817First American residential school for students who were deaf Normalization and deinstitutionalization 20 th century ( …) Breaking down barriers to participation in society Inclusion20 th century- current Integration of students with disabilities into general education classrooms

Major Laws I ndividuals with D isabilities E ducation A ct USA’s special education law 1990 (PL ); 1997 (PL ); Individuals with Disabilities Education improvement Act of 2004 (PL ) IDEA

Major Laws A mericans with D isabilities A ct Protects persons with disabilities against discrimination addressing equal access to employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications ADA

Major Laws N o C hild L eft B ehind E very S tudent S ucceeds A ct (ESSA) Challenging academic standards and accountability for the academic achievement of all students including those with disabilities NCLB ESSA

Special Education Around the World 1.Fill out the graphic organizer 2.Please get into groups: E.g., Groups 1:Group 2:Group 3:Group 4:Group 5: UzbekistanAlgeriaArgentinaTurkeySenegal RussiaCameroonColombiaEgyptS. Africa BelarusNigeriaDominican R.IndiaCote LatviaMozambiqueEcuadorMongoliaD’Ivoire Kazakhstan 3.Compare your region’s laws and practices with U.S. 4.Present an overview (one person from the group)

autism deaf-blindness deafness emotional disturbance hearing impairment Intellectual disability (formerly known as mental retardation) multiple disabilities orthopedic impairment other health impairment specific learning disability speech or language impairment traumatic brain injury visual impairment (including blindness) * developmental delays (ages 3-9*) Students Who Receive Special Education Services

Prevalence Approximately 336,000 (2.8% of all) infants and toddlers ages birth-2 served under IDEA Approximately 745,000 (5.9% of all) children ages 3-5 served under IDEA Approximately 5.8 (8.4%) million students ages 6-21 served under IDEA –Specific Learning Disabilities account for 40% of this total –Only about 5% of students are educated outside of their home school Per 35 th annual report to Congress (2013)

Students with Learning Disabilities Dyslexia – trouble understanding written words Dysgraphia – problem forming letters Dyscalculia – difficulty with basic math concepts and solving problems

Reading Difficulties Simulation Decoding for an Individual with Learning Disabilities

Bag of Tricks: Direct Instruction I DO! (learn by watching) WE DO! (learn by sharing) YOU DO! (learn by practicing)

Bag of Tricks: Mnemonics Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally Parenthesis Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction gtoolbox ent/using-mnemonics- teach-academic-skills

Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD – IA; Predominantly Inattentive Type ADHD – H; Predominantly Hyperactive- Impulsive Type ADHD – Combined Type #1#3#2

ADHD Simulation Completing Tasks on the Internet for an Individual with ADHDhttp://webaim.org/simulations/d istractabilityhttp://webaim.org/simulations/d istractability

Bag of Tricks: Low-Tech “I gave them binder clips and it has worked wonders. It is almost completely silent, it is not bright and interesting and therefore distracting to others, and best of all, it is cheap! “ “It was amazing to see how much better he was able to concentrate when he was sitting on his whoopi cushion because it virtually eliminated the bouncing, twisting, drumming, squirming behaviors he had exhibited before.”

Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Externalizing behaviors Attention and activity Opposition Defiant Disorder Conduct disorder Overt aggression Covert antisocial Problem behaviors Delinquency Substance abuse Early sexual activity Internalizing behaviors Anxiety and related Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Stereotyped movement disorders Selective mutism Depression Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia

Bag of Tricks: Self-Regulated Learning Strategies Self-Regulated Learning Strategies Goal-setting Self- instruction Self-efficacy Self-evaluation Self- monitorin g Verbal Rehearsal

Self-Monitoring Checklist

Students with High-Functioning Autism (Asperger Syndrome) No cognitive delays but inconsistent learning profile (e.g., hyperlexia) No impairments in language but may have problems in social communication Narrow area of interest (e.g., statistics, collecting, topic, living, individual) Motor problems (fine motor; balance; coordination) Sensory fascination

Autism Simulation Autism Simulations to Help You Experience Sensory Overload m-simulations/#YRbVvuGnDuq0 m-simulations/#YRbVvuGnDuq0

Bag of Tricks: Visual Schedule

We Are Not Different!