Weathering Section /22/16
What is Weathering? Breakdown of rock into smaller and smaller pieces Occurs at Earth’s surface Two main types: Mechanical Chemical
Mechanical Weathering Breakdown of rock by physical means Several agents (causes) of mw: Ice Wind Water Gravity Plants & Animals
Ice Wedging Water seeps into rocks, freezes into ice and expands cracks form in rock Ice melts and travels further into rock, freezes and expands bigger cracks Cycle repeats until rock finally breaks apart
Types of Abrasion Action of rocks and sediments grinding against each other and wearing away exposed surfaces Water Wind Gravity
Plant Weathering Small roots enter cracks in rock searching for nutrients Roots gets bigger cracks get bigger rock breaks apart Look at the sidewalk as you walk home today
Animal Weathering Animals that burrow such as worms, ants, mice, rabbits, etc. affect weathering in two ways: Burrowing breaks rocks into smaller pieces Burrowing exposes buried rocks to weathering at surface
Chemical Weathering Breakdown of rock by chemical means Changes composition of rock Agents of CW: Water Air Acids Water and living things
Water Over time has ability to dissolve substances Think salt or sugar Able to break bonds in minerals rock breaks apart Takes a very long time
Three Types of Acids Acid Precipitation: formed by certain gases mixing with water in the atmosphere Sources of gases include volcanoes and fossil fuels Acids in Groundwater: similar to A.P. in that acids get into water that travels underground Can result in cave formation over several years Acids from Living Things: Organisms such as lichens produce acids to break down rocks into nutrients for use in life processes
Acid Examples
Air Oxidation: reaction between oxygen in the air and certain metals Rust is an example Metals in rocks are chemically changed and become weaker rock is easier to break apart