Testing a New Nation

The First Presidency Setting Precedents “Mr. President” “Mr. President” Establishing protocol The Vice President Establishing a Cabinet-mending political differences Attorney General-Edmund Randolph Secretary of State-Thomas Jefferson Secretary of War-Henry Knox Secretary of Treasury-Alexander Hamilton

Battle of the Titans

Thomas Jefferson’s Policies Anti-federalist Anti-federalist Advocate of states’ rights over powerful central government Advocate of states’ rights over powerful central government Feared tyranny Feared tyranny Supported strong central government in foreign affairs…BUT Supported strong central government in foreign affairs…BUT Supported decentralized agrarian republic Supported decentralized agrarian republic Believed in strict interpretation of the Constitution Believed in strict interpretation of the Constitution Strong supporter of the Bill of Rights Strong supporter of the Bill of Rights

Alexander Hamilton’s Policies Federalist Federalist Advocate of powerful central government Advocate of powerful central government Feared anarchy and disorder Feared anarchy and disorder Supported strong commercial interests Supported strong commercial interests Supported of urban mercantile interests Supported of urban mercantile interests Believed in loose interpretation of the Constitution Believed in loose interpretation of the Constitution Strong supporter of the “elastic clause” of the Constitution Strong supporter of the “elastic clause” of the Constitution

The Great Bank Debate… Balancing the budget Paying Federal debts Speculators Paying State debts The Assumption bill--$44million debt Compromise and Capital Hill

Paying off state bonds… Original bond holders = $ of bond + 4% Original bond holders = $ of bond + 4% Speculators = ½ of original bond & ½ to original bond holder Speculators = ½ of original bond & ½ to original bond holder

Establishing a Federal Banking system Bank of the United States Officeholders Testing the Constitution Strict construction Broad construction The Protective tariff

Washington’s 2 nd Term in office Washington’s Foreign Policy: The French Revolution King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette The Reign of Terror Jacobins Maximilen Robespierre

The French Revolution (con’t) American sentiment Pro-revolutionary Jacobin Republicans ConservativesFederalists

Great Britain declares war The Alliance of 1778 The legal loophole America declares its neutrality Citizen Genet American privateers Little Sarah Asylum Rule 1756 Opening the French West Indies American merchant marine SeizuresImpressments

Attempts at Peace Jay’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty

Washington’s Domestic Policy Western frontier Isolation and disease Indian wars Josiah Harmer Arthur St. Clair General Wayne Battle of Fallen Timbers

General Anthony Wayne & Chief Little Turtle

Alcohol on the frontier Reasons for frequenting the bottle The Whiskey Rebellion The excise tax Suppressing the “rebellion” Presidential pardons Upholding the power of the Constitution

Washington sets another precedent Washington’s Warnings Unresolved issues Conflicting political ideals Legal opposition Sectionalism Foreign policy

Alexander Hamilton

John Adams

Charles Pinckney

Thomas Jefferson

Aaron Burr

Political factions in the election of 1796 Federalists John Adams Thomas Pinckney Jefferson Republicans Thomas Jefferson Tallying the vote A political fiasco

The Presidency of John Adams A misunderstood man The French threat The XYZ affair Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, Elbridge Gerry Charles Talleyrand The “High Federalists” The American Navy Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

The Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr James Bayard The Twelfth Amendment